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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit 1,Language and learning,English teaching Methodology,Unit 1 English teaching Meth,1,A common question asked by middle school students:,Is there any shortcut in English learning?,A common question asked by mid,2,The answer:,No.,The answer:No.,3,A question that you may ask:,Is there any shortcut in English teaching?,A question that you may ask:Is,4,One possible answer:,Yes.The best way of teaching English is to teach according to how English is learnt successfully.,One possible answer:Yes.The b,5,In fact,language teachers often teach a language according to what they think about language and language learning.,In fact,language teachers oft,6,For example,If they think English is a set of letters,words,sentences and grammar rules,they will teach their students to read and write these items in order to master the language.,If they think English is a communication tool,then they will try to teach the functional sentences,such as“Hello.”“How do you do.”“Good bye!”when greeting people;or sentences for going shopping.,For example,If they think Engl,7,Unit 1 Language and learning,How do we learn language?,1)How do we learn our own language?,2)How do we learn foreign language?,(1)People learn language for different reasons.,(2)People learn language in different ways.,(3)People have different understanding about language learning.,(4)People have different capabilities in language,learning.,Unit 1 Language and learn,8,1)What is language?,Language is a system of arbitrary verbal symbols used for human communication.(Wardhaugh,1972:3),2)Different views on language:,the structural view,the functional view,the interactional view,II.View on language.,1)What is language?Language,9,Structural View,:,It sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystem:from phonological,morphological,lexical,etc.to sentence.Each language has a finite number of such structural items.To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to be able to understand and produce language.,Structural View:It sees la,10,Functional View,:,It sees language as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things.Most of our day-to-day language use involves functional activities:offering,suggesting,advising,apologizing,etc.Therefore,learners learn a language in order to do things with it.To perform functions,learners need to know how to combine the grammatical rules and the vocabulary to express notions that perform the functions.,Functional View:It,11,Interactional View,:,It consider language as a communicative tool,whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.Therefore,learners not only need to know the grammar and vocabulary of the language,but also need to know the rules for using them in a whole range of communicative context.,Interactional View:It cons,12,III.Views on language learning,1)What are the psycholinguistic and cognitive process involved in language learning?,2)What are the conditions that need to be met in order for these learning process to be activated?,III.Views on language learnin,13,The,research into the answers fall into,process-oriented theories,and,condition-oriented theories,.,Process-oriented theories,are concerned with how the mind processes new information,such as habit formation,induction,making inference,hypothesis testing and generalization.,The research into the answers,14,Condition-oriented theories,emphasize the nature of the human and physical context in which language learning takes place,such as the number of students,what kind of input learners receive,and the learning atmosphere.,Condition-oriented theori,15,Four theories of language learning:,Behaviourist theory,Cognitive theory,Constructivist theory,Socio-constructivist theory,Four theories of language lear,16,Behaviourist theory:,Proposed by behavioural psychologist Skinner,he suggested that language is also a form behaviour.It can be learned the same way as an animal is trained to respond to stimuli.This theory of learning is referred to as behaviourism.One influential result is the audio-lingual method,which involves the“listen and repeat”drilling activities.The idea of this method is that language is learned by constant repetition and the reinforcement of the teacher.Mistakes are immediately corrected,and correct utterances are immediately praised,Behaviourist theory:Propo,17,Cognitive theory:,The term cognitivism is often used to describe method in which students are asked to think rather than simply repeat.It is Noam Chomsky theory.The key point of Chomskys theory is reflected in his most famous question,Cognitive theory:The term,18,If all language is a learned behaviour,how can a child produce a sentence that has never been said by others before?,If all language is a learned b,19,According to Chomskys theory,language is not a form of behaviour,it is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.T
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