资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气（二）,设类型,if,条件从句,谓语动词形式,主句,谓语动词形式,与现在,事实相反,过去时,(be,用,were,而不用,was),过去将来时,should/would do,或：,could/might do,I am not a bird.If I were a bird,I could fly.,我不是一只鸟。如果我是一只鸟，我就会飞。,与过去,事实相反,过去完成时,had done,过去将来完成时,should/would/could/might have done,He failed in the exam again.If he had studied hard,he would have passed the exam.,他考不及格了，如果他努力的话，他就考试过关。,与将来,事实相反,过去时,或,should do/were to do,过去将来时,should/would do,或：,could/might do,It will not rain tomorrow.If it rained,he would stay at home.,明天不下雨。如果明天下雨的话，他就呆在家,虚拟语气知识回顾,观察哪句是错综时间的虚拟语气,设类型,if,条件从句,谓语动词形式,主句,谓语动词形式,与现在,事实相反,过去时,(be,用,were,而不用,was),过去将来时,should/would do,或：,could/might do,与过去,事实相反,过去完成时,had done,过去将来完成时,should/would/could/might have done,2.,如果你当初听医生的话,现在你已经好了。,(,从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反,),If you,had listened,to the doctor,，,you,would be,all right now.,1.,如果你当初听医生的话,你那时就已经好了。,(,从句与过去事实相反,主句与过去事实相反,),If you,had listened,to the doctor,，,you,would have been,all,right now.,我是错综时间,观察哪句是错综时间的虚拟语气,设类型,if,条件从句,谓语动词形式,主句,谓语动词形式,与现在,事实相反,过去时,(be,用,were,而不用,was),过去将来时,should/would do,或：,could/might do,与过去,事实相反,过去完成时,had done,过去将来完成时,should/would/could/might have done,2.,如果我是你的话,我就不会错过昨晚那场电影。,(,从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反,),If I,were,you,，,I,wouldnt have missed,the movie.,1.,如果我是你的话,我就去看电影。,(,从句与现在事实相反,主句与现在事实相反,),If I,were,you,，,I,would go,to see the movie.,我是错综时间,1,、错综时间虚拟语气,-,事实和假设的混合,事实：,I,fully occupied.,上周我本来会和她去北京的，但我太忙了。,假设和事实混合：,上周我没有和她去北京，我太忙了。,I to Beijing with her last week.,I to Beijing with her last,week,but I,fully occupied.,didnt go,was,would have gone,was,我是假设，是虚拟语气,我是事实，是陈述语气,一、虚拟条件句的几种特,殊情况,2,、含蓄虚拟条件句,=,air,，,no one could live.,1)If there were no air,，,no one could live.,2)If it hadnt been for his help,，,I would have failed,.,没有空气，人就不能活。,要不是有他的帮助，我就会失败了。,=,his help,，,I would have failed.,含蓄条件句中没有明显的虚拟条件,if,从句，,而利用其他暗示存在虚拟条件。常见有介词或介词短语，如,without,，,but for,，,but that,等，,都可以转化为,if,引导的条件句。,Without,But for/that,2,、含蓄虚拟条件句,=I didnt know that he was a cheat,，,_,I,wouldnt have believed him.,3)If I had known he was a cheat,I wouldnt have,believed him.,),我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信,他了。,含蓄条件句中通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有,but,，,otherwise,，,or,，,or else,等词。,or else,4)If I were not so busy,I would certainly go,there with you.,=,Im really very busy,，,_ I would,certainly go there with you.,otherwise,=_ I a bird,，,I could fly freely.,1)If I were a bird,，,I could fly freely.,假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。,Were,2)If it should rain next week,，,we would put the,sports meeting off.,=,_ it rain next week,，,we would put the,sports meeting off.,3,、虚拟条件句中的倒装,Should,要是下周下雨的话，我们就推迟运动会。,3)If we had known each other earlier,，,I would have,helped you to set up the company.,=_ we known each other earlier,，,I would,have helped you to set up the company.,如果我们早就认识的话，我就帮助你开办公司了。,Had,当虚拟条件句的谓语中有,were,，,had,或,should,时，可以将从属连词,if,省略，同时将,were,，,had,或,should,放到,主语之前，构成半倒装。,二、其他从句中的虚拟语气,1,主语从句中的虚拟语气,句型：,It is+adj./n./V-ed,+that,从句,It is very strange that he should not come.,很奇怪，他竟然没有来。,It is a pity that we should not meet last night.,真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。,在表示惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，,谓语动词用,(should,),动词原形，,主句中的谓语动词形式不限。形容词有：,disappointing/surprising/upsetting/frightening/curious/important/strange/proper/necessary/natural,2,主语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气,1)My suggestion is that we,(should)go,there at once.,我的建议是我们应该立即去那里。,2)We followed his advice that we,should ask,our teacher for help.,我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。,表示请求、要求、命令、建议等的名词,advice,，,desire,，,decision,，,idea,，,instruction,，,order,，,plan,，,proposal,，,recommendation,，,request,，,requirement,，,suggestion,，,wish,等充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语从句时要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用,(should,),动词原形。,3,方式状语从句中的虚拟语气,1)They,began to talk,warmly as if they,had known,each other for long.,他们开始热烈地谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久,2)He,coughed,twice as if someone,should come,.,他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。,表示动作所发生的时间,谓语动词的虚拟形式,动作发生在主句动作之前,had,过去分词,动作与主句动作同时发生,一般过去时,(be,动词用,were),动作发生在主句动作之后,would/could/should/might,动词原形,*,从句动作“认识”发生在主句动作“交谈”之前，用,过去完成时,*,从句动作“来”发生在主句动作“咳嗽”之后，用,过去将来时,三、虚拟语气的其他用法,1,It is high time that we,had,supper.,我们该吃晚饭了。,*,句型：,It is(high/about)time that.that,从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用,过去时,或“,should,动词原形,”，,should,不可省略,。,2,If only I,were,a flying bird!,如果我是一只飞鸟该多好啊！,If only I,had seen,the film!,如果我看过那部电影该多好啊！,在,if only,引导的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气。表示与,现在或未来,事实相反的愿望用,一般过去时,或“,would/could,动词原形,”；表示与,过去,事实相反的愿望用,过去完成时,，常译为“要是,就好了”。,.,句型转换,1,If I had studied science,，,and not literature then,，,I would be able to give you more help.,science,，,and not literature then,，,I would be able to give you more help.,2,The teacher required all work to be finished before school was over.,The teacher required that all work,before school was over.,3,If I hadnt run all the way to school yesterday,，,I would have been late for the talent show.,I,all the way to school yesterday,，,I would have been late for the talent show.,4,If he were an eagle,，,he could fly everywhere.,，,he could fly everywhere.,Had I studied,be finished,ran,otherwise,Were he an eagle,5,If it hadnt been for the teachers help,，,I wouldnt have made so much progress.,the teachers
展开阅读全文