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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语句子基本结构及成分,英语句子基本结构及成分,1,简单句、并列句和复合句,（一）句子种类两种分类法,1、按句子的用途可分四种：,1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old;She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?How old is he?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim,cant she?3）祈使句：Be careful,boys;Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!,简单句、并列句和复合句,2,2、按句子的结构可分三种：,1）,简单句,：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,2、按句子的结构可分三种：,3,2),并列句,：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把,两个或两个以上的简单句,连在一起构成。e.g.You help him and he helps you.He wants to go there but I dont,hurry up,or you will be late.,This house belongs to Mr.Smith；it costs millions of dollars.,2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号,4,3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上,从句,的句子。复合句包含：,名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句,等。e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall,This is the book that I want.,I think that he is right.,3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性,5,简单句的五种基本句型,1主语+不及物动词：(S V),We work.,She came,My head aches.,The bell rang.,简单句的五种基本句型,6,2主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO）,e.g.Henry bought a dictionary.,Mike ate three cakes,she drew a beautiful picture.,2主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO）e.g.Henry bou,7,3主语+系动词+表语(SVC),系动词,一be动词类：,am、is、are、was、were,二表示变化类：,become、get、turn、grow、go,三感官动词类:,look sound smell taste feel appear,seem,四表示延续性的动词：,remain、stay、keep,He is a student,His face turned red,The apple tastes sweet,The soldier keeps still.,3主语+系动词+表语(SVC)系动词,8,4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）(SVIOO)(SVOiO),e.g.My father bought me a car.-My father bought a car for me,He gave me three yuan.,-He gave three yuan to me,4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）(SVIOO,9,5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）(SVOC),Tom made the baby laugh.We made him our monitor.,I cant make myself understood.,We want to have the desk repaired.,5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）(SVOC)To,10,6.There+be句型,There is a book on the desk.,6.There+be句型There is a book,11,（一）句子成分的定义,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；,主要成分有,主语和谓语,；,次要成分有,表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。,（一）句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句,12,（二）,句子的具体成分,主语,（subject),：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由,名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句,等表示。,（二）句子的具体成分主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所,13,1,During the 1990s,American country music,has become more and more popular.,（名词）,2,We,often speak English in class.,（代词）,3,One-third,of the students in this class are girls.,（数词）,4,To swim in the river,is a great pleasure.,（不定式）,1During the 1990s,American,14,5,Smoking,does harm to the health.,（动名词）,6,The rich,should help the poor.,（名词化的形容,词）,7,When we are going to have an English test,has not been decided.,（主语从句）,8,It,is necessary,to master a foreign language,.,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,5 Smoking does harm to the,15,谓语(,predicate),谓语说明主语所做的,动作,或具有的,特征和状态,。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：,1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You,may keep,the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.,谓语(predicate)谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有,16,表语(,predicative),表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如,be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem,等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。,表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语的身份,17,Our teacher of English is an American.,（名词）,Is it yours?,（代词）,The weather has turned cold.,（形容词）,The speech is exciting.,（分词）,Three times seven is twenty one?,（数词）,Our teacher of English is a,18,His job is to teach English.,（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.,（动名词）The machine must be out of order.,（介词短语）Time is up.The class is over.,（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.,（表语从句）,His job is to teach Engli,19,宾语(,object),宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于,及物动词和介词,后,面。例如：,They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）,The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.,（代词）,How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.,（数词）,They helped the old with their housework yesterday.,（名词化形容词）,He pretended not to see me.,（不定式短语）,I enjoy listening to popular music.,（,动名词短语）,I think（that）he is fit for his office.,（宾语从句）,宾语(object)宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，,20,宾语补足语(,complement of object),英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由,名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当,。,宾语补足语(complement of object),21,His father named him Dongming.,（名词）,They painted their boat white.,（形容词）,Let the fresh air in.,（副词）,You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.,（不定式短语）,We saw her entering the room.,（现在分词）,We found everything in the lab in good order.,（介词短语）,We will soon make our city what your city is now.,（从句）,His father named him Dongm,22,定语(,attributive),修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：,Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers i,n,our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）,定语(attributive)修饰名词或代词的词、短,23,状语(,adverbial),修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状
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