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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名词复数、动词三人称,单数、现在分词及动词过去式变化及发音,规则,清辅音：送气强，声带不振动。,p,、,t,、,k,、,f,、,、,s,、,w,、,t,、,ts,、,tr,，再加上,r,、,h,，合计,12,个。,浊辅音：几乎不送气，声带振动。,b,、,d,、,g,、,v,、,、,z,、,3,、,d3,、,dz,、,d,，合计,10,个。,清,辅音与浊辅音,备注：,送气指从喉咙向口外送出气流,。,名词单数变复数变化及发音规则,构成方法,读音,例词,在词尾加,-s,1.,在清辅音后读作,s,2.,在浊辅音后读,作,z,3.,在,元音后读,【,z,】,4.,以字母,t,结尾的发,【ts】,音,5.,以字母,d,结尾的发,【dz】,音,1.,deskdesk,s,s,2.dogdog,s,z,3.seasea,s,z,4.matmat,s,ts,5.field,field,s,dz,1,.,以,s,、,x,、,sh,、,ch,结尾的名词后加,-es,2.,如词尾是,e,只加,-s,-,（,e,）,s,读作,iz,1.,classclass,es,iz,box box,es,iz,dishdish,es,iz,watchwatch,es,iz,2.horsehors,es,iz,如,词尾为,f,或,fe,则一般变为,ves,-ves,读作,vz,lea,f,leav,es,vz,kni,fe,kniv,es,vz,构成方法,读音,例词,以,辅音,+y,结尾的名词，变,y,为,i,再加,-es,-ies,读作,iz,famil,y,famil,ies,iz,以,元音,+y,结尾的名词，加,-s,-s,读作,z,boyboy,s,z,guy,guys,z,以,辅音,+o,结尾,的,有生命,名词,，加,-,es,-es,读作,z,herohero,es,z,potatopotato,es,z,tomatotomato,es,z,以,元音,+o,结尾,的,没生命,名词,，加,-,s,-s,读作,z,radioradio,s,z,zoozoo,s,z,photo-photos z,以,-th,结尾的名词，加,-s,1.,在长元音后，,-ths,读作,z,2.,在短元音或辅音后，,-ths,读作,s,1.,bathba,ths,z,2,.,monthmon,ths,s,名词变复数特殊变化及发音规则,构成方法,读音及,例,词,变内部元音,f,oo,t,u,f,ee,t i,:,m,a,n,m,e,n,e,m,ou,se,au,m,i,ce,ai,wom,a,n,wom,e,n,e,词尾加,-en,oxoxen(,公牛,),child ai children i,形式,不变,（,通形名词,-,单、复数同形）,deerdeer,fishfish,sheepsheep,集合名词,（只有复数，没有单数。）,trousers,（牛仔裤）,people,（人，人民）,glasses,（眼镜）,名词变复数特殊变化及发音规则,构成方法,读音及,例,词,名词做,定语,1,.,只在后面名词加复数,2.man,woman,随之后面的名词,而变化，后单其单，后复其复。,3.sport,作定语永远用作复数。,1.apple,tree apple,trees,2,.man,doctor men,doctors,3,.sports shop,sports,shoes,表示国籍的名词,（中日不变，英法变，其余词后加,s,）,ChineseChinese,JapaneseJapanese,EnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen,AmericanAmericans,名词变复数读音规则总结：,“清清浊浊”,即,在清辅音后读,s,；,在,浊辅音后读,z,；,在尾音为,s z t d,后,读,iz,。,动词三人称单数变化及发音规则,构成方法,读音,例词,一般情况下，动词后面直接加,-s,1.,在清辅音后读作,s,；,2.,在浊辅音后读,作,z,。,stopstop,s,s,readread,s,z,以辅音字母,+y,结尾的动词，把,y,变为,i,再加,-es,-ies,读作,iz,studystud,ies,i,z,worryworr,ies,i,z,carrycarr,ies,iz,以,ch,sh,s,x,结尾的动词，在后面加,-es,-es,读作,iz,teachteach,es,iz,wash,wash,es,iz,watchwatch,es,iz,以,o,结尾的动词，在后面加,-es,-es,读,作,z,gogo,es,z,dodo,es,z,以不发音,e,结尾的开音节,动词,一般,-s,读作,s,；,2.,尾音是,s,，,z,等时，,-s,后字母,e,发音，与所加,s,一起读做,iz,。,hopehope,s,s,makemake,s,s,close,clos,es,iz,1.,动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规则同名词单数变复数大致相同。,2.,下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。如：,1,、,do du:,does dz,2,、,say sei,says sez,动词三人称单数读音规则总结：,“清清浊浊”,即,在清辅音后读,s,；,在,浊辅音后读,z,；,在尾音为,s z t d,后,读,iz,。,动词现在分词变化及发音规则,构成方法,读音,例词,在一般情况下，动词直接加,-ing,变现在分词,-ing,读作,i,dodo,ing,i,readread,ing,i,以重读闭音节结尾的动词，一般要双写尾字母加,-ing,-ing,读作,i,sitsi,tting,i,getge,tting,i,swimswi,mming,i,以不发音,e,结尾的动词，去掉,e,再加,-ing,-ing,读作,i,makemak,ing,i,write,writ,ing,i,comecom,ing,i,以,ie,结尾的动词，变,ie,为,y,，再加,-ing,-ing,读作,i,diedying i,tietying i,lielying i,动词现在分词读音规则总结：,动词变现在分词加,-ing,后均读作,i,。,动词过去式变化及发音规则,构成方法,读音,例词,一般情况下，动词后直接加,-ed,1.,在清辅音后读作,t,；,2.,在浊辅音后读作,d,；,3.,在,t d,后读作,id,。,workwork,ed,t,rainrain,ed,d,heatheat,ed,id,surroundsurround,ed,id,动词以字母,e,结尾，变过去式时直接在词尾加,d,1.,在清辅音后读作,t,；,2.,在浊辅音后读作,d,。,likelik,ed,t,lovelov,ed,d,changechang,ed,d,以“,辅音字母,+y”,结尾的动词，变,y,为,i,，再加,ed.,-ed,读作,d,study studied d,carry carried d,try tried d,以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加,ed,1.,在清辅音后读作,t,；,2.,在浊辅音后读作,d;,3.,在,t d,后读作,id,。,stopstopped t,planplanned d,dropdropped t,sit sitt,ed,id,部分不规则动词的过去式,am/is-was,are-were,have-had,（有）,letlet(,让,),putput(,放,),readread(,读,),runran(,跑,),comecame(,来,),becomebecame(,成为,),bringbrought(,带来,),buybought(,买,),gowent(,去,),thinkthought(,想,),catchcaught(,抓住,),teachtaught(,教,),lendlent(,给,),sendsent(,寄，送,),feelfelt(,感觉,),keepkept(,保持,),leaveleft(,离开,),meetmet(,遇见,),learnlearnt/learned(,学习,),sellsold(,卖,),telltold(,告诉,),holdheld(,抓住,),getgot(,得到,),hearheard(,听,),makemade(,制造,),sitsat(,坐,),findfound(,发现,),seesaw(,看见,),beginbegan(,开始,),swimswam(,游泳,),singsang(,唱,),writewrote(,写,),knowknew(,知道,),showshowed(,出示,),speakspoke(,讲,),taketook(,拿走,),eatate(,吃,),givegave(,给,),findfound(,找,),willwould,shallshould,cancould,动词过去式,/,过去,分词读音规则总结：,“清清浊浊”,即,在清辅音后读,t,；,在,浊辅音后读,d,；,在尾音为,t d,后,读,id,。,Bye bye!Bye bye!,
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