西方文明史（英语）课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2016/10/8,#,Lecture 4 Greece,EARLY GREECE(2500500B.C.E),Classical and Hellenistic Greece(500100B.C.E),Lecture 4 GreeceEARLY GREECE(,1,EARLY GREECE,2500500B.C.E,EARLY GREECE2500500B.C.E,2,The terrain of Greece,Mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands with 13 regions.It also includes of rocky conditions and mountainous terrain.However the surrounding bodies of water feed the surplus olives and grapes.,Land use,1.)Arable land:19%,2.)Permanent crops:8%,3.)Forests and woodland:50%,4.)Other:23%,The terrain of GreeceMostly m,3,Early Greece 2500-500B.C.E,The Bronze Age(2500 1200B.C.E),The Dark Age(1200700B.C.E,）,Archaic Greece(700500B.C.E),Early Greece 2500-500B.C.ETh,4,Three civilizations in the late Bronze Age,the Cycladic (基克拉底文明)(3000 2000 B.C.E),the Minoan (,米诺斯文明）,(25001400B.C.E),the Mycenaean(迈锡尼文明)(16001200B.C.E),Three civilizations in the lat,5,the Cycladic Culture,Cycladic civilization,was,an Early Bronze Age culture of the Cyclades in the Aegean Sea,spanning the period from approximately 3000 BC-2000 BC,which was also best known for its schematic flat,female idols,Cycladic idol,parian marble;1.5 m high largest known example of cycladic sculpture.28002300 BCE,the Cycladic CultureCycladic c,6,Some terms to describe the Minoan,stratified demilitarization unique religon,equality catastrophe destruction,Some terms to describe the Min,7,A Minoan fresco showing a fleet and settlements.,A Minoan fresco showing a flee,8,Mycenae,Although the citadel was built by Greeks,the name Mukanai is thought not to be Greek but rather one of the many pre-Greek place names inherited by the immigrant Greeks.,In the second millennium BC,Mycenae was one of the,major centres,of Greek civilization,a military stronghold which,dominated,much of,southern Greece,.The period of Greek history from about 1600 BC to about 1200 BC is called Mycenaean in reference to Mycenae,Meanwhile,palace administrators adopted,Linear A,transforming to their own language,Linear B,MycenaeAlthough the citadel wa,9,Linear A,Linear A is one of two currently undeciphered writing systems used in ancient Greece(Cretan hieroglyphic is the other).Linear A was the primary script used in palace and religious writings of the Minoan civilization.It was discovered by archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans.It is the origin of the Linear B script,which was later used by the Mycenaean civilization.,Linear ALinear A is one of two,10,Linear B,Linear B is a syllabic script that was used for writing Mycenaean Greek,the earliest attested form of Greek.The script predates the Greek alphabet by several centuries.The oldest Mycenaean writing dates to about 1450 BC.It is descended from the older Linear A,.,Linear B consists of around 87 syllabic signs and over 100 ideographic signs.These ideograms or signifying signs symbolize objects or commodities.They have no phonetic value and are never used as word signs in writing a sentence.,Linear BLinear B is a syllabic,11,Linear B,Linear B,12,A tale of three cities,Wealthy Corinth,Martial Sparta,Democratic Athens,A tale of three citiesWealthy,13,Corinth,privileged site,social tensions,Cypselus,Perinader the tyrant,oligarchy,Corinth privileged site,14,Sparta,militarized management,Messenia,Lycurgus,government system,the growth of Spartan,Spartamilitarized management,15,Athens,Social,tensions(,tyrant,vs,aristocracy,vs,citizens,),Reforms of Draco and Solon,Tyranny(,like Peisistratus and his son),Democracy,AthensSocial tensions(tyrant,16,Acropolis of Athens,with the Roman-era Odeon of Herodes Atticus seen on bottom left,Acropolis of Athens,with the,17,Classical and Hellenistic Greece,500100B.C.E,Classical and Hellenistic,18,Delian,League,The Delian League,founded in 477 BC,was an association of Greek city-states,members numbering between 150 to 330 under the leadership of Athens,whose purpose was to continue,fighting the Persian Empire,after the Greek victory at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece.,Shortly after its inception,Athens began to use the Leagues navy for its own purposes.This behavior frequently led to conflict between Athens and the less powerful members of the League.By 431 BC,Athens heavy-handed control of the Delian League prompted the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War;the League was dissolved upon the wars conclusion in 404 BC under the direction of Lysander,the Spartan commander.,Delian LeagueThe Delian League,19,西方文明史（英语）课件,20,Pericle,a great orator and statesman,a successful military commander,a,democrat,who,made Athens democracy reached its zenith,abolished the last property requirements for officeholding,provided lucrative income to poorer citizens,also led to the Peloponnesion War,Periclea great orator and stat,21,Socrates,KNOW THYSELF,He,was a classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy.He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers,especially the writing