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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第,5,讲 阅读理解,阅读理解是任何一种英语考试中所占分值最大的部分，由,此可见，阅读理解部分的成绩是直接关系到考生能否通过考试,或取得优异成绩的关键。因此，如何提高阅读理解水平，尤其,是掌握阅读理解的应试技巧，就成为考生非常关注的问题。,阅读理解中的文章内容主要涉及两大类：一类是科技方面,的，如有关医学、动植物、海洋、地质、遗传、语言、天文、,空间技术等；另一类是社会方面的，如有关历史、文化、家庭、,婚姻、教育、伦理、犯罪、娱乐、交通、住房、环境、能源等。,体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等，但从实际情况,看，用作阅读理解的文章基本上以后两种体裁为主，即载有一,定信息量的说明文和有作者观点的议论文。说明文、议论文会,对一些社会、自然、思维等现象和问题进行解释、阐述和论证，,它们的特点是信息量大且比较复杂，逻辑性强，主要由抽象思,维如概括、判断、推理等组成的。这类文章理解的障碍主要来,自于句子的复杂结构和长句，其中句子的平均长度和复杂程度,都高于其他一般的语言材料。,一、选择型阅读理解题,(,一,),考查内容,1,考查考生掌握阅读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考题,多针对段落或短文的主题和标题设计。主要提问方式有：,(1)Which can be the best title of the passage?,(2)Whats the main idea of the passage?,(3)This passage mainly talks about _.,2,考查考生把握文章事实和细节的能力。此类考题一般在,文章中都能找到相对应的答案。主要提问方式有：,(1)Which of the following is TRUE(NOT true)?,(2)Which of the following is not mentioned?,(3)From the first(second/third.)paragraph we know that _.,3,考查考生根据上下文猜测词义或句意的能力。此类考题,要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词、短语或句子的准确含,义。主要提问方式有：,(1)The word“.”in the passage(most probably)means _.,(2)The underlined word in the passage(the first/second/,third.paragraph)refers to _.,4,考查考生依据图表、短文内容及常识进行推理和判断的,能力。此类考题要求考生在理解和掌握全文的基础上进行推理,和判断。主要提问方式有：,(1)What can we know according to the passage?,(2)We can guess the writer of the passage may be _.,(3)From the text we can know that _.,5,考查考生推断文章来源的能力。主要提问方式有：,(1)This text is most probably taken from _.,(2)Where can we see this passage?,(,二,),解题,技巧,1,通篇略读法,通篇略读法有三个目的：,(1),对文章有一个总的概括和印,象；,(2),了解文章的中心思想和作者的基本观点与立场；,(3),记住,文章的信息方位。它要求考生多注意文章的主题句,(,一般在段落,的首尾处,),和关键词，可略过具体的论述、细,节、数字等。这种,方法较适合于叙述性的故事或说明文。,2,照题阅读法,照题阅读法用于以下两种情况：,(1),在通篇略读之后，遇到,非细,节的、较难解决的问题时；,(2),在做图片或表格阅读题,(,也就,是,A,篇阅读,),时。照题阅读法的步骤为：,(1),先读问题，根据问,题提供的线索，在文章中找到相对应的地方；,(2),仔细阅读和问,题有关的前后句子；,(3),再回到试题，仔细比较四个选择项，确,定正确答案。一般来说，照题阅读法对于细节题和猜测词义题,效果较好。,3,运用大局观点，分析选项，确定正确答案,当面对形式和内容极为相似的选项，一定要有大局的观点，,保持清醒的头脑。此时有两种方法：一是对比排除法，即通过,联系全文，或者运用常识，将最不可能的答案一一排除，剩下,最可能的答案；二是汉语思维，即在阅读较难的文章或较复杂,的句子时，把较难的句子在头脑里翻译出来，转换成用汉语来,思维，这种方法有时候可以事半功倍。,二、配对型阅读理解题,配对阅读一般有两种形式：一种是五个小题涉及的是完全,不同的主题，这类题目相对容易，只要抓住每个小题的关键词，,在选项中寻找相同的关键词即可；另一种是五个小题涉及的是,基本一样的主题，这类题目难度较大，在抓住每个小题的关键,词的同时，还要细读题目，认真比较才能选出正确答案。,做配对阅读题可以采用扫读法，即先了解题干包含的信息，,然后针对性地对各个选项进行扫读或跳读，再将相关信息进行,整合、甄别、分析、对比，排除干扰项，选出正确答案。,(,一,),2011,年广东省初中毕业生学业考试,A,LCF Clubs,Welcome to LCF Language Clubs and Music&Gym Clubs,Learn with songs,stories and games in Fun French or Spanish,Clubs,Affordable after-school care,Fun music&gym clubs for young children,Learn with stories,games,movement and rhymes in,Jazz-Mataz,Phone,：,02392 370863,Email,：,J,These can be taught online,at a school club or at a local LCF,center.You can do it after school or lunchtime.There are also,chances to teach in-school.Many schools now need LCF teachers,because they know LCF provides excellent training and supplies,LCF teachers with the best resources(,资源,),Come on and try it yourself at our local club near your home,！,()56.We can _ in Fun French or Spanish Clubs.,A.have a party,B.play chess,C.make friends,D.watch movies,()57.In LCF clubs,children can _.,A.join fun painting and gym clubs,B.get education at school clubs only,C.learn with songs,games and cooking,D.learn with stories,games and movement,C,D,()58.Jazz-Mataz is for children who can speak _.,A.Spanish,B.English,C.Chinese,D.French,()59.If you want to join an LCF club,youd better NOT,_.,A.post a letter,C.go to the local club,B.send an email,D.make a phone call,()60.From the passage above,we can know _.,A.LCF is a language and science school in Canada,B.LCF has language clubs and music&gym clubs,C.LCF music&gym clubs can be found just online,D.LCF provides excellent training,teachers and doctors,B,A,B,B,Many of us dont pay much attention to the importance of eye,care.It is said that if you take care of your body,then you can surely,be healthy.That is why our eyes should be given a lot of,care.Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.,There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not,enough food,genes (,基 因,)and aging (,老 化,).Televisions,computers and reading are also the causes of having poor,eyesight.If you happen to work in front of the computer,it is best to,take a break every once in a while.Something dirty can cause,redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable.It is bad for,your eyes,too.If this happens,the best way is to clean your eyes by,using cold water.You must also try your best to protect your eyes,from harmful things.For example,sunglasses are not just for,fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your,eyesight from,UV rays,.,Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight.Remember,that vitamins A,C and E are good for eyes.Try to eat food groups,that have these vitamins.And you should do eye exercises because,exercise protects your eyesight,too.If a person exercises regularly,(,定 期 地,)and eats,the right kind of food,his eyes will stay in,good condition for a long time.,All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep,healthy eyes.Being happy all the time can be helpful to a persons,eyesight,too.In a word,eye care is
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