英语句子成分图实用全套PPT

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语(yn y)句子成分图,第一页，共32页。,英语句子(j zi)概论,基本成分,附属(fsh)成分,独立成分,省略成分,连接成分,简单句,并列句,复合句,第二页，共32页。,主语 不及物动词(dngc)（S+Vi）,主语 及物动词(dngc)宾语(S+Vt+O),主语 系动词(dngc)表(S+LV+predicative),主语双宾动词(dngc)+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir),主语 宾补动词(dngc)宾语 宾语补语,(S+Vt.+O+O.compl),There+be/stand/lie/live.,简单句的五种基本(jbn)句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。,完整(wnzhng)的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。,第三页，共32页。,noun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-ing,V-ed,etc.,主语(zhy),谓语(wiy),宾语(bny),宾语,宾补,表语,宾语,(,间,),宾语,(,直,),Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun/Pronoun,The+adj,V-ing/Clause,Infinitive,Noun/Pronoun/,The+adj,V-ing/Clause/Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be/feel/seem/look,appear/stand/lie,become/get/grow/turn,go/come/remain/keep,taste/smell etc.,noun,pronoun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-ing/V-ed,clause,etc.,第四页，共32页。,主语 不及物动词,She came/My head aches.,主语 及物动词 宾语,She likes English.,主语 系动词 主语补语,She is happy,主语 双宾动词 间接(jin ji)宾语 直接宾语,She gave John a book,She bought a book for me.,主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,She makes her mother angry,The teacher asked me to read the passage.,There+be,There lies a book on the desk.,简单句基本(jbn)句型实例,第五页，共32页。,附属(fsh)成分,基本成分的修饰语。可以是：,定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语(duny)或从句,状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语(duny)或从句。,定 语,Poor,John tottered toward a hospital,nearby,She likes oranges,imported from the USA,.,John gave Mary,many,books，,which are full of illustrations,Have you seen the book,on the desk,?,The boy,playing over there,is my brother.,People,there,like sports.,第六页，共32页。,John,often,came,to chat with me,John likes oranges,very much,Whenever he gets drunk,，,John makes Mary very angry,Hearing the news,he jumped,with joy,.,As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.,She is sitting,at the desk,doing her homework,.,My father worked,in this school,ten years ago,.,Youd better stay,here,.,状 语,第七页，共32页。,Examples:,Oh！What is that！（惊叹(jngtn)词）,He has，alas，failed again,Come here，John（呼语）,Roll on，Ocean，roll on,句中可以去掉的成分(chng fn)，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分(chng fn)和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。,独立(dl)成分,第八页，共32页。,（,You,）,Come here,（,I wish you,）,Good luck,！,Some gave him praises,，,but others,（,gave him,）,rotten eggs,He runs as fast as,if,(he does),not,(run),faster,than you.,(I),Hope you like it.,John should clean the room today and Peter,(should clean it),tomorrow.,句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来(ch li)，却在句中表示一定的意思：,省略(shngl)成分,第九页，共32页。,连接(linji)成分,连接(linji)成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接(linji)两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。,另一类连接(linji)成分是用来连接(linji)两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。,一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。,第十页，共32页。,简单句,简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种(s zhn)作用中的一种。,作一种陈述,提出一个问题,发出一种命令或请求,表示一种感叹,Examples:,The boy hit the dog./The dog bit the boy.,The girl read the books./The books pleased the girl.,Stephen apologized at once.,Does the shop close at 7 tonight?,Shut the door.,What a slow train this is!,第十一页，共32页。,简单句的基本(jbn)词序,主语动词(dngc)部分宾语 状语,（谓语）方式地点时间,Iboughta hat yesterday.,The children ran home.,The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.,We ate our meal in silence.,The car stopped suddenly.,A young girl walked confidently in the room.,They drove him away in a police car.,第十二页，共32页。,简单句的扩展(kuzhn)成份,简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用(linyng)进行扩展。,I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.,The dog jumped through the window.,He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.,A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.,He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday.,The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.,第十三页，共32页。,两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意(zh y)主语和谓语动词的一致性。,The boss is flying to Paris.His secretary is flying to Paris.,The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.,Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.,The boss is flying to Rome.His secretary is not flying to Rome.,The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.,The boss may be flying to Berlin.His secretary may be flying to Berlin.,Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.,The boss is not flying to York.His secretary isnt flying to York.,Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.,主语、谓语、宾语(bny)的合并,第十四页，共32页。,两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接组成一个简单句。,I met Jane.I met her husband.,I met Jane and her husband.,I met both Jane and her husband.,It was cold.It was wet.,It was cold and wet.,I didnt meet Jane.I didnt meet her husband.,I didnt meet either Jane or her husband.,I met neither Jane nor her husband.,两个或两个以上(yshng)限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。,We sang all night.We danced all night.,We sang and danced all night.,主语(zhy)、谓语、宾语的合并,第十五页，共32页。,并列句,需把几个意思连接在一起(yq)时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。,用分号：,We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.,用分号，后跟一个连接(linji)副词：,We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.,用并列(bngli)连词（如and、but、so、yet等）,We