七大质量工具

,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Seven tools training,*,Volvo Construction Equipment,TQM,David Hwu,*,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Volvo Construction Equipment,TQM,David Hwu,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Seven tools training,*,*,Volvo Construction Equipment,TQM,David Hwu,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Seven tools training,*,*,Volvo Construction Equipment,TQM,David Hwu,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Seven tools training,*,*,Volvo Construction Equipment,TQM,David Hwu,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Seven tools training,*,*,Volvo Construction Equipment,TQM,David Hwu,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Seven tools training,*,*,Volvo Construction Equipment,TQM,David Hwu,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Seven tools training,*,*,Volvo Construction Equipment,TQM,David Hwu,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Seven tools training,*,*,Volvo Construction Equipment,TQM,David Hwu,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Seven tools training,*,*,Volvo Construction Equipment,TQM,David Hwu,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Seven tools training,*,*,Volvo Construction Equipment,TQM,David Hwu,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundstexten,Niv tv,Niv tre,Niv fyra,Niv fem,Klicka hr fr att ndra format p bakgrundsrubriken,Seven tools training,*,*,质量控制七种工具,2008,Jun,2,2024/11/11,质 量 管 理 七 种 工 具,层别法,特性要因图（鱼骨图）,柏拉图（排列图）,检查表,直方图,控制图,散布图,3,2024/11/11,层 别 法,4,2024/11/11,定 义,：层别法是一种系统概念，在于将相当复杂的资料进行分门别类并归纳统计,层别法是品质管理手中。最基本、最容易的操作手法，强调用科学管理技,法取代经验主义，也是其他品质管理手法的基础。,使用方法：,1.,确定层别的目的：要针对某一特定的目的进行层别。,2.,选择影响品质特性的原因，一般工厂影响品质特性的原因为以下几种：时间、原料,零件、作业、人、设备等。,a.,按原料、材料、零件的来源和批次层别；,b.,按设备的编码或类别进行层别；,c.,按生产线别层别；,d.,按作业人员、班别层别；,e.,按时间如早班、夜班、周别、月别等层别；,f.,按操作方法进行层别。,层 别 法,5,2024/11/11,应用实例：,实例,1,：某公司,99,年,6,月份的总生产量为,8000,台，成品合格率为,95%,，四台设备生产，共有,A,、,B,、,C,三个班次运行。如果对本月份的生产量和合格率进行层别分析，请问可以有几种层别法？能从层别数据中得到些那些启示？,实例,2,：某公司生产真空管，每条真空管由原料投入到成品产出共,5,个工序，如下图，这样的设备共计,5,条。公司为每月,7%,的成品不良率而困扰，根据以上提供的数据，可以从哪几个方面进行层别？能否找出不良率高的原因所在？,装配,封住,排氧,固化,检查,零件,成品,6,2024/11/11,直 方 图,7,2024/11/11,直 方 图,定 义：,将所收集数据、特性质或结果值，用一定的范围在坐标横轴上加以,区分几个相等的区间，将各区间内的测定值所出现的次数累积起来,的面积，用柱形图表示出来。用以了解产品在规格标准下的分布形,态、工序中心值及差异的大小等情形。,制作方法：,1.,收集数据，一般要求数据至少要,50,个以上，并记录数据总数（,N,）；,2.,将数据分组，定出组数（,K=1+3.23lgN,）可采用以下经验数据,组 数,数据,N,50,50,100,5,7,100,250,250,以上,6,10,7,12,10,20,8,2024/11/11,3.,找出最大值（,L,）和最小值（,S,），计算出全距（,R,）。,4.,定出组距（,H,）：全距,/,组数（通常为,2.5,或,10,的倍数）,5.,定出组界,a.,最小一组的下组界值,=S-,测量值的最小位数,/2,b.,最小一组的上组界值,=,最小一组的下组界值,+,组距,c.,第二组的下组界值,=,最小组的上组界值,6.,决定组的中心点,（上组界,+,下组界）,/2=,组的中心点,7.,作次数分配表,依照数值的大小记入各组界内，然后计算各组出现的次数。,8.,绘直方图,横轴表示数值的变化，纵轴表示出现的次数。,9.,对绘制出的直方图进行分析。,直方图的功用：,评估和检查工序能力；,指出采取措施的必要；,检查执行纠正措施是否有效；,比较设备、物料、人员及供应商；,通常为,1,9,2024/11/11,直方图实例练习,1.,某钢管厂生产钢管，钢管尺寸规格为,3105mm,，今抽验,50,根，数据如下：,308,317,306,314,308,315,306,302,311,307,305,310,309,305,304,310,316,307,303,318,309,312,307,305,317,312,315,305,316,309,313,307,317,315,320,311,308,310,311,314,304,311,309,309,310,309,312,316,312,318,1.,确定基本内容：,N=50,2.,组数：,K=7,（参考经验数值）,3.,最大值,L=320,最小值,S=302,全距,R=320-302=18,4.,计算组距,H H=R/K 187=2.5,取,H,为,3,（为测定值最小单位的整数倍）,10,2024/11/11,第一组下限值,=S-,测定值最小位数,/2=302-0.5=301.5,第一组上限值,=,第一组下限值,+,组距,计算各组中心值,=,（上组界,+,下组界）,/2,作次数分配表,组号,组,界,中心值,标记,F,（次数）,1,301.5,304.5,303,4,2,304.5,307.5,306,10,3,307.5,310.5,309,13,4,310.5,313.5,312,9,5,313.5,316.5,315,8,6,316.5,319.5,318,5,7,319.5,322.5,321,1,11,2024/11/11,作直方图,318,315,312,309,306,303,4,2,321,规格下限（,302,）,6,8,10,12,14,规格上限（,318,）,12,2024/11/11,2.,某公司对生产的电线直径进行抽验，以下是,100,个数据，用直方图进行分析。,0.661,0.650,0.647,0.646,0.649,0.645,0.641,0.650,0.648,0.649,0.665,0.647,0.646,0.655,0.649,0.658,0.654,0.660,0.653,0.659,0.660,0.665,0.649,0.651,0.637,0.65,0.643,0.649,0.640,0.646,0.650,0.644,0.640,0.652,0.657,0.648,0.654,0.650,0.654,0.655,0.656,0.657,0.663,0.662,0.647,0.647,0.642,0.643,0.649,0.648,0.638,0.634,0.649,0.642,0.637,0.655,0.652,0.654,0.649,0.657,0.654,0.658,0.652,0.661,0.654,0.645,0.641,0.644,0.647,0.641,0.650,0.652,0.634,0.641,0.653,0.647,0.652,0.649,0.652,0.653,0.651,0.660,0.655,0.658,0.649,0.647,0.641,0.644,0.640,0.643,0.646,0.635,0.638,0.645,0.650,0.648,0.649,0.650,0.649,