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PART TWO,第二篇,语法突破篇,语法专题（七）,形容词和副词,PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（七）形容词和副,1,【,中考考点,】,(1),形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法。,(2),表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因等的疑问副词的用法。,(3),形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化形式。,(4),常见形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化形式。如,:good,well,many,much,。,(5)little,far,ill,bad,badly,等词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化形式。,(6),形容词、副词比较等级的基本句型及基本用法。如,:,as+,原级,+as not as(so)+,原级,+as,比较级,+than the+,最高级,+in(of),Which(Who)+,比较级,or?Which(Who)+,最高级,or?,(7)much,a little,等副词修饰形容词、副词比较等级的初步用法。,(8),常用同义副词在用法上的区别。如,:also,too,either,already,yet,等。,【中考考点】,2,考点一形容词,1.,形容词的句法功能,(1),形容词作定语。,单个形容词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词前。,She is a good girl.,她是一个好女孩儿。,形容词作不定代词的定语时,要放在不定代词的后面。,There is nothing important.,没有什么重要的事情。,enough,作形容词时,放在被修饰的名词的前后均可。,We have enough money/money enough to buy every book here.,我们有足够的钱可以买这里的每一本书。,“,基数词,-,可数名词单数,-,形容词,”,为复合形容词,放在被修饰的名词前面。,Tom is an eight-year-old boy.,汤姆是一个八岁的男孩。,考点一形容词1.形容词的句法功能,3,(2),形容词作表语。此时与连系动词构成系表结构。,The meal is delicious.,这顿饭很美味。,(3),形容词作宾语补足语。用来说明宾语的性质、状态或特征。,I found the book interesting.,我发现这本书很有趣。,(2)形容词作表语。此时与连系动词构成系表结构。,4,2.,多个形容词修饰名词的顺序,限定词,(,冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词,),描绘词,(,大小、长短、形状、长幼、新旧、颜色、国籍、材料,),名词。,a famous American medical college,一所著名的美国医学院,3.,形容词的常用句式,(1)“Its+adj.+of+sb+,不定式,.”,表示,“,某人做某事,”,。,【,注意,】,这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质等的形容词,如,good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right,wrong,等。,2.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序【注意】这一句型中常用描述行为者,5,(2)“Its+adj.+for+sb+,不定式,.”,表示,“,做某事对某人来说,”,。,【,注意,】,这一句型中常用描述做某事性质的形容词,如,important,necessary,difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible,等。,(2)“Its+adj.+for+sb+不定式.”表示“做,6,考点二副词,1.,副词的句法功能,(1),用作状语。,He speaks English,.,他英语说得非常好。,(2),用作表语。主要限于少数地点或方位副词、时间副词以及其他副词。,Ill be back in five minutes.,我五分钟后就回来。,(3),用作定语。通常情况下,副词用作定语时总是放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。,The people there are dancing happily.,那儿的人在高兴地跳舞。,very well,考点二副词1.副词的句法功能very well,7,2.,副词的位置,(1),副词通常放在被修饰的动词后面。,(2),句中有多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。,2.副词的位置,8,考点三形容词和副词的比较等级的变化规则,1.,规则变化,(1),一般在词尾直接加,er,或,est,。如,:,talltallertallest,long,(2),以不发音的字母,e,结尾的词,在词尾直接加,r,或,st,。如,:,nicenicernicest,large,(3),以,“,辅音字母,+y”,结尾的双音节词,把,y,变为,i,再加,er,或,est,。如,:,heavyheavierheaviest,busybusierbusiest,funny,longer,longest,larger,largest,funnier,funniest,考点三形容词和副词的比较等级的变化规则1.规则变化long,9,(4),重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加,er,或,est,。如,:,bigbiggerbiggest,hothotterhottest,thin,fatfatterfattest,(5),部分双音节词和多音节词在原级前加,more,构成比较级,加,most,构成最高级。如,:,beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful,slowly,thinner,thinnest,more slowly,most slowly,(4)重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,10,2.,不规则变化,good/wellbetterbest,many/muchmoremost,ill/bad/badlyworseworst,little,farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest,less,least,2.不规则变化lessleast,11,考点四形容词和副词比较等级的用法,1.,原级的用法,(1),只能修饰原级的词有,very,really,quite,so,too,等。,The old man is,walk on.,那位老人太累了不能再继续走了。,(2),原级常用的句型结构,“as+,形容词,/,副词原级,+as”,表示,“,和,一样,”,。,Lucy is as old as Kate.,露西和凯特的年龄一样。,Tom runs,Mike.,汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。,“not+as/so+,形容词,/,副词原级,+as”,表示,“,不如,那样,”,。,This classroom is,that one.,这间教室不如那间大。,He doesnt walk as slowly as you.,他走路不像你那样慢。,too tired to,as fast as,not as/so big as,考点四形容词和副词比较等级的用法1.原级的用法too ti,12,2.,比较级常用的句型结构,(1)“A+be/v.+,比较级,+than+any other+,单数名词,(+,介词短语,)”,表示,“A,比同一范围内的任何一个人,/,物都,”,含义是,“A,最,”,。,Xiaoming is taller than,in his class.,=Xiaoming is taller than(any of)the other boys in his class.,小明比他班上的其他任何男孩都高。,=Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class.,小明是他班上最高的男孩。,(2)“A+be/v.+the+,比较级,+of the two+”,表示,“A,是两者中较,的,”,。,Look at the two boys.Xiaoming is,the two.,看那两个男孩。小明是较高的那个。,any other boy,the taller of,2.比较级常用的句型结构any other boythe t,13,(3)“,比较级,+and+,比较级,”,表示,“,越来越,”,。,He is getting,.,他越来越高了。,He does his homework more and more carefully.,他做作业越来越认真了。,(4)“the+,比较级,the+,比较级,”,表示,“,越,就越,”,。,you work,your grades will be.,你越努力学习,你的成绩就会越好。,(5)“,特殊疑问词,+be/v.+,比较级,A or B?”,Which is bigger,the blue ball or the red one?,哪一个球更大,蓝球还是红球,?,【,注意,】,比较级前常用,much,even,a little,a bit,a lot,far,等词修饰。,taller and taller,The harder the better,(3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。【注意】,14,3.,最高级常用句型结构,(1)“,主语,+be/v.+the+,最高级,+(,可数名词单数,)+in/of,短语,.”,表示,“,是,中最,的。,”,Tom is the tallest(student)in his class.,汤姆是他班上最高的,(,学生,),。,I jump,in our class.,我是我们班跳得最远的。,【,注意,】,副词最高级前可省略,the,。,(the)farthest,3.最高级常用句型结构【注意】副词最高级前可省略the。(t,15,(2)“,主语,+be/v.+one of the+,最高级,+,可数名词复数,+in/of,短语,.”,表示,“,是,中最,之一。,”,Beijing is,in China.,北京是中国最大的城市之一。,(3)“,特殊疑问词,+be/v.+the+,最高级,A,B or C?”,用于三者的比较。,Which season do you like,spring,summer or autumn?,你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天,?,(4)“,主语,+be/v.+the+,序数词,+,最高级,+,可数名词单数,+in/of,短语,.”,表示,“,是,中的第几,。,”,Tom is,boy in his class.,汤姆是他班上第二高的男生。,one of the biggest cities,best/(the)most,the second tallest,(2)“主语+be/v.+one of the+最高级+可数,16,中考真题演练,1.Peter is 15 years old.He is,than his father.,A.tall B.taller,C.tallest D.the tallest,2.The hotel is very old.Its one of,buildings in the city.,A.old B.older,C.oldest D.the oldest,B,D,中考真题演练1.Peter is 15 years old.,17,中考真题演练,3.,2018,北京,Tony is,of the three boys,but he is the tallest.,A.young B.younger,C.youngest D.the youngest,4.,2018,莱芜,Tina is very,;her face often turns red while answering questions in class.,A.shy B.active,C.smart D.outgoing,答案,3.D,解析,考查形容词的比较
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