高考复习定语从句-课件

定语从句,定语从句考点,1.,关系代词,that which;whose;which as,的用法比较；,2.,关系代词和关系副词的用法比较；,3.,介词加关系代词引导的定语从句；,4.,定语从句与并列句的区别。,定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：,1)Do you know the man,who/that is standing over there,?,2)The girl,that/who/whom we were talking about,is Joan.,3)Did you see the pen,that/which I lost yesterday,?,4)He told me the date,when/on which he joined the League,.,5)The place,where/in which he lives,is far away from here.,先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，例,1),中的,man,就是先行词。,1)Do you know the man,who/that is standing over there,?,2)The girl,that/who/whom we were talking about,is Joan.,3)Did you see the pen,that/which I lost yesterday,?,关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。分为,关系代词,关系副词,1.,引导定语从句。（连接作用）,2.,代替先行词。（替代作用）,3.,在定语从句中担当一个成分。（成分作用）,关系词的,3,个作用：,关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句中间起联系的作用，同时作定语从句的一个成分。,关系词,关系副词,关系代词,that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,引导定语从句的词,高考复习定语从句,一、找出先行词,二、判断先行词是指人还是指物,三、看判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分,主语,宾语,定语,that/who,that/who(m),whose,that/which,关系代词的用法小结,whose,指人的关系代词,指物的关系代词,可,省略,主语,宾语,定语,that/which,可,省略,主谓,一致,主谓,一致,分析关系词在定语从句中的作用,Do you know the,man,who/that,is,standing over there,?,2)The,girl,(,that/who/whom),we were talking about is Joan,.,3)Did you see the,pen,(,that/which),I lost yesterday,?,4)He told me the,date,when/on which,he joined the League,.,5)The,place,where/in which,he lives,is far away from here.,指人 作主语,注意谓语动词,指人 作宾语 可省略,指物 作宾语 可省略,指时间 作状语,指地点 作状语,6),Can you tell me the,reason,why/for which,you are late,?,7)Who is the,person,whose,handwriting is the best of you,?,8)The,book,that/which,is,about the USA,has been lost.,指原因 作状语,指人 作定语,指物 作主语,注意谓语动词,关系副词的用法小结,when,where,why,表示地点，在从句中作地点状语,表示原因，在从句中作原因状语,表示时间，在从句中作时间状语,介词加关系代词引导定语从句的用法,关系代词,which,和,whom,除了在定语从句中作及物动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语。在作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在整个定语从句的前面（此时关系代词不能省略,),为了使关系代词紧跟先行词也可以把介词放在相关动词的后面，这种从句叫做带介词的定语从句。如,:,1)That is the room in which I live.,(or:That is the room which/that I live in.),2)I met the man to whom you talked yesterday.,(or:I met the man whom/that/who you talked to yesterday.),1.I will give you the book(,that/which,),you,asked,for,.,=I will give you the book,for which,you,asked,.,2.We met the man(,whom/that/who,),we,talked,about.,=We met the man,about whom,we talked,.,介词,+,关系代词引导定语从句时,如先行词是物,关系代词只能为,which,。,介词,+,关系代词引导定语从句时,如先行词是人,关系代词只能为,whom,。,He is the man _ whom you can,believe,.,1.,看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,in,2.,看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配,He gave me some books _ which I am not very,familiar,.,with,3.,根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配,This is our,classroom,_ which there is a teachers desk.,in the front of,注意：,当先行词是表示地点，原因或时间的名词时，关系词的选用要根据其在从句中的作用而决定，如果关系词在从句中作状语，则需选用关系副词；如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语，则应选用关系代词。如：,This is the school,that/which,I visited last year.,This is the place,where,we went last week.,2)We didnt accept the reason,that/which,he gave.,The reason,why,he was late,is that he got up late.,3)He told me the date,that/which,was the most important to him in his life.,注,1,：,当介词放在相关动词后面时，,which,可用,that,来替换；,whom,可用,that,或,who,来替换。此时关系代词可以省略。如：,1)That is the room,(that/which),I live in.,2)I met the man,(that/which),you talked to yesterday.,注,2,：,如果关系代词作含有介词的动词短语的宾语，此时动词短语不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。如：,Wrong:,This is the pen for which I am looking.,Right:,This is the pen which I am looking for.,（含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开）,注,3,：,当先行词是,way,（方式、方法）时，根据英语的习惯常用,that,来代替,in which,来引导定语从句，而且也常常省略；另外当先行词是,time,（次数，其前面用序数词修饰）时，根据英语的习惯常用,that,来引导定语从句。如：,1)The way,(that/in which),we did it was very simple.,2)This is the first time,(that),we have seen an English film.,关系代词指物时，多数情况下既可以用,that,又可以用,which,。如：,1)This is the book that(which)I bought yesterday.,2)Dont read in light that(which)is too bright.,在下列情况下，一般习惯用,that,而不用,which,。,先行词为,all,little,nothing,anything,something,everything,much,a few,等不定代词时。,当先行词被,all,every,no,some,any,little,much,a few,等不定代词修饰时。,当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,当先行词被,the only,the very,the same,the last,修饰时。,当定语从句修饰用两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词的时候。,当主句是以,which,开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，一般用,that,来引导定语从句。,在下列情况下，一般习惯用,that,而不用,which,。,当一个句子有两个定语从句，其中一个已用,which,，另一个则用,that,。如：,We bought a present which they made themselves that had never been seen before.,在,here be,或,there be,结构开头的句子中，多用,that,。如：,Heres the book that you want.,注意，先行词是人时一般不受上述情况的限制。但是：,下列情况一般用,who,不用,that,a.,当主句是以,who,开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，最好不用,who,来引导定语从句，而用,that(,宾格可以用,whom),来引导。,b.,当先行词是,those,时宜用,who,。,c.,当先行词和定语从句相隔离时宜用,who,。如：,I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese.,d.,当一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个用,that,，另一个宜用,who,。如：,The man that you met in the street yesterday is the one who stole your wallet.,只能用,which,的情况：,1.,先行词是物，介词提到关系代词前,The city,in which,she lives is far away.,The city,which/that,she lives,in,is far away.,2.,引导非限制性定语从句,I am reading,Harry Porter,which,is an interesting book.,3.,整个句子是先行词，从句前面往往有逗号。,He failed in the exam,which,made his parents angry.,as,引导的限制性定语从句,as,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,as,常用于,the same.as,such.as,as.as,和,so.as,结构中。,as,引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。如：,1,）,I have never seen such a lazy man as you(are).,我从来没有见过像你这样懒的人。（作表语）,2)Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.,让孩子们读使他们变得更好、更聪明的书。（作主语）,3)Take as many as you w