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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Background,ofEveryday Use,英语,1091,姚莉 胡慧,1,The short story,Black Power Movement,Civil Rights Movement,(1955-1968),African Americans,Other movements,American Civil War(1861-1865),origin,slavery,Terms,2,Story Background,The short story“Everyday Use”,from the collection,In Love and Trouble,published in 1973,was written during,the heyday of the Black Power movement,when,African-Americans,were trying to gain racial equality and called for self-determination and racial dignity.,African-American short stories of this period often dealt with problematic issues like separation,integration and redefinition of the African American past.,Blacks were seeking their cultural roots in Africa,the slogan,“Black is beautiful”,and the,Afro hair style,arose.,Everyday Use,is Alice Walkers answer to the social discourse of that time,especially concerning the African American concept of heritage and identity.,3,1.Written in 1973 and included in the,Norton Anthology of Short Fiction,（,诺顿短篇小说集,）,.,2.One of the best-written short stories by Alice Walker,describing three women.,3.The mother is a working woman without much education,but not without intelligence or perception.The two daughters from a sharp contrast in every conceivable way:appearance,character,personal experience,etc.,About,the,Story,4,Everyday use,a story addresses itself to the dilemma of African Americans who,in striving to escape prejudice and poverty,risk a terrible deracination,（隔离）,a sundering from all that has sustained and defined them.,About the story,5,Through the title of her short story,Alice Walker conceptually expresses her wariness of the,Black Power Movement,.During the mid-1960s,young black African Americans proclaimed they would no longer be oppressed by their current lifestyle and began to celebrate African culture by exploiting it for exotic names and ethnic appeal.,About the story,6,African-American history,starts in the 16th century,with,African slaves,who quickly rose up against the,Spanish explorer,Lucas,Vsquez,de,Aylln,and progresses to the present day,when,Barack Obama,has been elected as the,44th,and current,President of the United States,.,African Americansin the United States faced,discrimination,segregation,and,stereotyping,especially in the Southern and Midwestern United states for decades after the,American Civil War,.,7,African Americans,(also referred to as,Black Americans,or,Afro-Americans,and formerly as,American Negros,)are citizens or residents of theUnited Statewho have at least partial ancestry from any of the native populations ofSub-Saharan Africaand are the direct descendants ofenslaved Africanswithin the boundaries of the present United States.,Most African Americans are of,West Africandescent,.However,some immigrantsfrom,African,Caribbean,Central American,or,South American nations,or their descendants,may also self-identify with the term.,African Americans make up,the single largestracial minority,in the United States.,8,African Americans,The majority of African Americans descended from slaves,most of whom were sold into slavery as prisoners of war by African states or kidnapped by African,European or American slave traders.The existing market for slaves in Africa was exploited and expanded by European powers in need of labor for,New World plantations,.,9,African slaves,The first African slaves were brought to,Jamestown,Virginia,in 1619.,The English settlers treated these captives as,indentured servants,(,契约仆人,)and released them after a number of years.This practice was gradually replaced by the system of race-based slavery used in the,Caribbean,.As servants were freed,they became competition for resources.Additionally,released servants had to be replaced.This,combined with the still ambiguous nature of the social status of Blacks and the difficulty in using any other group of people as forced servants,led to,the relegation of Blacks into slavery,.,Massachusetts,（马赛诸塞州）,was the first colony to legalize slavery in 1641.Other colonies followed suit by passing laws that passed slavery on to the children of slaves and making non-Christian imported servants slaves for life.,10,African slaves,A former slave displays the telltale criss-cross,keloid,（,疤肿,）,scars from being,bullwhipped,（,牛鞭抽打,）,.,11,南北美洲黑人贩卖情况,12,With the political consciousness that emerged from the political and social ferment of the late 1960s and early 1970s,blacks no longer approved of the term,Negro,.,They believed it had suggestions of a moderate,accommodationism,(,迁就主义,),even“,Uncle Tom,“(,逆来顺受的美国黑人,)connotation.,In this period,a growing number of blacks in the United States,particularly African American youth,celebrated their blackness and their historical and cultural ties with the African continent.,Negro,13,The Black Power Movement defiantly embraced,Black,as a group identifier.It was a term social leaders themselves had repud
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