跨文化交际(UNIT-5)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Review of Unit 4,1.What is the relationship between language and culture according to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?,2.Translate the following terms:,housewarming,disinterested,Mind ones,ps,and,qs,A nine days wonder,红糖,红茶,眼红,青天,Intercultural CommunicationUnit 5Culture and Verbal Communication,Warm Up,Please read the story on page 156.What may have been the factors contributing to the failure of the presentation?What can we learn from the story?,It is often customary for Americans to start their talk with some jokes or humorous anecdotes,but Germans have different ideas and they tend to consider telling jokes inappropriate in talks on serious matters.And in German culture,executives who occupy important positions are usually senior in age,and they had not expected the American manufacturer to send a young man as their representative to start business with them,a reputable German distributor.They may have found it difficult to trust such a young person.,Supplement:Verbal Communication,Verbal communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.,In intercultural communication,we use words to,communicate with the outside world,share the past,exercise some control over the present,form images of the future.,Supplement:Verbal Communication,Verbal Communication Styles(p179-183),:,Direct/Indirect,Self-enhancement/Self-effacement,Elaborate/Exacting/Succinct,Personal/Contextual,Instrumental/Affective,Supplement:Verbal Communication,1.Direct and Indirect Verbal Interaction Styles,In the direct verbal style,statements clearly reveal the speakers intentions.,Eg,.U.S.Americans tend to use a straightforward form of request.,In the indirect verbal style,on the other hand,verbal statements tend to hide the speakers actual intentions.,Eg,.Chinese tend to ask for a favor in a more roundabout and implicit way.,Supplement:Verbal Communication,2.Self-Enhancement and Self-Effacement,Verbal Styles,The self-enhancement verbal style emphasizes the importance of boasting about ones accomplishments and abilities.,Eg,.In the classified ads,American ad might begin with,“A handsome,athletic male with a good sense of humor seeks a fun-loving partner”,The self-effacement verbal style,on the other hand,emphasizes the importance of humbling oneself via verbal restraints,hesitations and modest talk.,Eg,.In the classified ads,Japanese ad might read,“Although I am not very good-looking,Im willing to try my best.”,Supplement:Verbal Communication,2.Self-Enhancement and Self-Effacement,Verbal Styles,Compare the following ways to serve tea:,Japanese:This is not very delicious,but,American:This is the best I can offer.,Supplement:Verbal Communication,3.Elaborate,Exacting and Succinct Styles,An elaborate style emphasizes,flashy and embellished language.This style of communication can be seen in many Arab,Middle Eastern,and Afro-American cultures.,An exacting style,where persons say no more or less than is needed,is used by Americans.,A succinct style is characterized by the use of concise statements,understatements,and even silence.A succinct style can be found in Japan,China,and some Native American cultures,Supplement:Verbal Communication,3.Elaborate,Exacting and Succinct Styles,Compare the followings:,Arab:#%&$%$*&%#.,American:Just the facts!,Chinese:Silence is Golden.,Supplement:Verbal Communication,4.Personal and Contextual Style,The personal communication style emphasizes the individual identity of the speaker.,Eg,.English has only one form for the second person,that is,you.,The contextual style highlights ones role identity and status.,Eg,.Chinese,German and French,for example,have informal and formal forms of the pronoun you(,你,/,您,;du/,Sie,;,tu/vous,).,Supplement:Verbal Communication,5.Instrumental and Affective Style,An instrumental verbal style is sender-based and goal-outcome based.The instrumental speaker uses communication to achieve some goal or outcome.The burden of understanding often rests with the speaker.,An affective communication style is receiver and process oriented.The affective speaker is concerned not so much with the outcome of the communication,but with the process.The responsibility of understanding rests with both the speaker and the listener.,Supplement:Verbal Communication,In verbal communication,LC interaction emphasizes direct talk,person-oriented focus,self-enhancement mode,and the importance of“talk”.HC interaction,in comparison,stresses indirect talk,status-oriented focus,self-effacement mode,and the importance of nonverbal signals and even silence.,Reading I,Read the article of“Understanding the Culture of Conversation”(p157-160).What are the different cultures of conversation among people from different countries?,Conversation is a rich point(a rich point is something in one culture that makes it difficult to be connected with another culture).It isnt any particular word or grammatical construction that produ