高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,句子成分及句子基本结构,句子成分及句子基本结构,1,一,.,句子成分,1.,一个完整的英语句子，至少由,两部分组成,_,和,_,。,2.,英语句子的成分可分为,主语,、,谓语,、,宾语,、宾语补足语、,_,、定语、状语、同位语,.,主语,谓语,表语,一.句子成分1.一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成 主语,2,主语是句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述什么。,Workers,make machines.,She,went out in a hurry.,Three plus five,is eight.,The young,should respect the old.,To see,is to believe.,Running,is good for your health.,When we shall leave,hasnt been decided.,主语（,subject,）,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（名词化的形容词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,作主语的有：,名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句,。,主语是句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述什么。主语（subj,3,The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.,There is an old man coming here.,To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.,找出句中主语,（名词）,（名词）,（不定式）,The teacher with two of his,4,谓语,说明主语的动作、状态和特征,谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。,简单谓语,The sun rises in the east.,He looked after two orphans.,复合谓语,由,情态动词或助动词,+,动词,;,He can speak English very well.,The work must be done before three oclock.,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组,5,英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词,have,get,take,give,等。如：,(1).I,had a swim,yesterday.,（,had a swim,代替了,swam,）,(2).,Take a look,at that!,（,take a look,代替了,look,）,(3).He,gave a sigh,.,（,gave a sigh,代替了,sighed,）,英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作,6,挑出下列句中的谓语,I dont like the picture on the wall.,The days get longer and longer when summer comes.,Do you usually go to school by bus?,There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.,Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?,挑出下列句中的谓语 I dont like the p,7,He doesnt like the job.,We enjoy playing football.,He said that he would return soon.,He offered me the job.,(,三,),宾语,动作的对象或承受者,及物动词或介词的宾语,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,（名词）,（动名词）,（句子）,He doesnt like the job.(三)宾语,8,指出下列句中的宾语,My brother hasnt done his homework.,People all over the world speak English.,You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.,How many new words did you learn last class?,Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?,指出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt,9,表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。,We are Chinese.,Im not quite myself today.,Who was the first?,The war was over.,He is out of condition.,They seem to know the truth.,His hobby is playing computer games.,That is what he told me yesterday.,（四）表语,（代词）,（名词）,（数词）,（介词短词）,（副词）,（动词不定式）,（动名词短语）,（从词）,表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与连系动词一起构成复合,10,系动词有三类：,A.be,动词：,am,、,is,、,are,、,was,、,were,B.,表示感官类的动词：,look,、,smell,、,sound,、,feel,、,taste,、,appear,、,seem,C.,表示变化类的词：,go(,变得,),、,get,、,become,、,grow,、,turn,、,keep,、,stay,系动词有三类：A.be 动词：am、is、are、was、,11,挑出下列句中的表语,The old man was feeling very tired.,Why is he worried about Jim?,The leaves have turned yellow.,Soon they all became interested in the subject.,She was the first to learn about it.,挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was fe,12,（五）定语,修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,He is a clever boy.,His father works in a steel work.,There are 54students in our class.,Do you known bettys sister?,He bought some sleeping pills.,There is a sleeping baby in bed.,His spoken language is good.,(,形容词,),(,名词,),(,数词,),(,名词的所有格,),(,动名词,),(,现在分词,),(,过去分词,),（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is,13,挑出下列句中的定语,This is a difficult problem.,There is some exciting news in todays newspaper.,The man who helps me with maths is my maths teacher.,He bought some sleeping pills.,挑出下列句中的定语This is a difficult,14,误区警示,形容词，代词，数词，名词，动名词,等做定语时，通过常放在名词之前做定语；而,介词短语、动词不定式短语、分词短语、从句,等做定语则放在名词之后。叫,后置定语,。,The girl in white is his sister.,We have a lot of work to do today.,Do you know the man who spoke just now?,误区警示形容词，代词，数词，名词，动名词等做定语时，通过常,15,如果被修饰的词为,some,any,evey,no,等构成的,不定代词,（如,anything,something,等），定语要放在这些词的,后面,。,There is nothing interesting in the book.,I have something important to tell you.,如果被修饰的词为some,any,evey,no 等构成的,16,（六）状语,状语的功用：状语说明,地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况,等。通常状语由,副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或句子,等充当。,Ill be back in a while.,They are playing on the playground.,He was late for school because of the heavy rain.,He waited to see the result of the game.,It rained so hard that they had to put off the sports meet.,He often goes to work by bus.,(,地点状语,),(,原因状语,),(,结果状语,),(,目的状语,),(,方式状语,),(,时间状语,),（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、,17,挑出下列句中的状语,1.Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?,2.Because he was ill,Tom lost his job.,3.She spoke so softly that I couldnt hear what she said.,4.If he were to come,what should we say to him?,挑出下列句中的状语1.Shall we do the s,18,（七）宾语补足语,有些,及物动词,除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：,make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,能做宾语补足语的词有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词和副词等。,（七）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有,19,We must keep it a secret.,I found the book very interesting.,Please make yourself at home.,She asked me to lend her a hand.,He made himself known to them first.,Please keep the dog out.,(,名词,),(,形容词,),(,介词短语,),(,动词不定式,),(,分词短语,),(,副词,),We must keep it a secret.(名词)(,20,误区警示,主动语态变被动语态后，宾补变成主补,He was last seen playing near the river.,He was considered to have stolen the money.,误区警示主动语态变被动语态后，宾补变成主补,21,八、同位语,同位语是解释说明前面的名词或代词的名词短语或从句，对前者进行补充说明,The Great Wall,one of the won