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,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,ALCOHOL,Where does it come from?,2,History of Use?,beer dates back to at least the Egyptians 5000-6000 BC,probably further,wines date back a few thousand years,distilled spirits“younger;in China about 1000 BC but in Arabia/Europe around 800 AD,3,Prevalence of Use,Almost everyone will have at least sipped alcohol in the course of their lifetime;1 in 4 lifetime abstainers,Consumption per person actually highest in the mid-1800s,Since 1935 consumption has generally increased,peaking in the early 80s,Nutrition and Your Health:Dietary Guidelines for Americans,_,4,Standard Drink Chart,SPIRITS Standard Drinks,1oz.(86-100 proof)1,8 oz.(1/2 pint)8,16 oz.(pint)16,“Fifth(4/5 quart)26,32 oz.(quart)32,1/2 gallon(2 quarts)64,1 liter(1 quart)32,750 ml(3/4 liter)24,BEER,Standard Drinks,12 oz(5%alc by vol.)1,16 oz.(pint)1.33,32 oz.(quart)2.67,WINE,4 oz.(12%alc by vol.)1,12 oz.(bottle)3,REINFORCED WINE OR CORDIAL,2.5 oz.1,5,Prevalence of Use,From my first visit to a major brewery,I learned a lot:,250,000 cases of beer are shipped out of Anheiser Busch in St.Louis,daily,to just the midwestern states,6,NSDUH Data,2004 Current,Lifetime82.4%,Past Year65.1,Past Month(current)50.3,Past Month Binge22.8%,Heavy Usage6.6,7,Prevalence of Use,by Age,Rates of current use were at least _%for most age groups in the 21-44 age range,curvilinear effect:_,Find the usage rate for your specific age bracket at the latest National Survey for Drug Use and Health:,Current,Binge,and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older,by Age:2021,8,9,Prevalence of Use,by Race/Ethnicity,Whites continue to have highest rate of use,Cultural and ethnic norms about drinking and heavy drinking differ,Current,Binge,and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older,by Race/Ethnicity:2021,11,Prevalence of Use,by Gender,As you might guess,current(past month)alcohol use is typically more prevalent among males:,2021 _,Men were much more likely to be binge and be“heavy drinkers,12,Prevalence of Use,by Education,In contrast to drug abuse patterns,the more education a person has,the more likely they reported current drinking,Use by college grads vs.those having less than high school education,Heavy drinking more common among those without high school education,13,Figure 3.3 Heavy Alcohol Use among Adults Aged 18 to 22,by College Enrollment:2002-2021,14,Alcohols Pharmacology,It is a CNS depressant,Peak concentrations are reached between 30-90 minutes after drinking is stopped,Alcohol is distributed to all tissues in the body and passes to the brain easily,LD 50 is 25 drinks in 1 hour;BAC of.45-.55,(BAC is expressed as a ratio of milligrams or weight of alcohol per 100 milliliters-about 3 ounces of blood),15,Relationship Between Blood Alcohol and Alcohol Intake,Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display.,16,most of the consumed alcohol metabolized in liver,broken down to acetaldehyde,(by ADH-alcohol dehydrogenase and then to acetic acid by aldehyde dehy.),carbon dioxide and water,excreted by lungs,excreted in urine,17,Addiction and Withdrawal Indicators,Is it Addictive?How do we know?,Tolerance(cellular&metabolic)develops,Withdrawal symptoms occur,BAC can still be above.00 for withdrawal sx to begin,18,Withdrawal Indicators,Stoppage(or reduction in)etoh use that has been heavy and prolonged,Symptoms developing within hours to a few days may include:,autonomic hyperactivity(sweating or pulse rate than 100),increased hand tremor,insomnia,nausea or vomiting,transient visual,tactile,or auditory hallucinations or illusions,psychomotor agitation,anxiety,grand mal seizures,19,CONSEQUENCES,What are some positive and negative effects?,20,Short-term Effects,Physiological,urination,increased gastric secretion stimulating appetite at low or moderate doses,disruption of sleep;suppresses REM throughout night at high doses,“Hangover,21,Short-term Effects,cont.,Psychological,Social/familial Interference,22,Short-term Effects,cont.,Cognitive,Other,_,_,_,_,23,Drinking and Driving,The many skills involved in driving are not all impaired at the same BAC,Ability to divide attention between 2 or more sources of visual stimuli impaired at.02,Impairments occur consistently at.05 or more:,eye movements,glare resistance,depth perception,reaction time,information processing,some steering tasks,24,Drinking and Driving,Drivers with BACs of.15 or greater have about 380 times the risk of being in a single-vehicle fatal crash versus those not drinking at all,MV crashes leading cause of death among youth 15-20,25,26,Long-term Consequences,cont.,Physical:,fatty liver,alcohol hepatitis,and cirrhosis,increased risk of CAD and various types of cancers,increased susceptibility to illness;lower immune system functioning,27,Long-t
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