独立主格结构—

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,独立主格结构,常见类型及其用法,.,一、独立主格结构的构成形式,1、逻辑主语+,V-ing,这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：,1)._no bus,we had to walk home.,A.There being B.Being,C.Having been D.There was,A,.,2)_,no bus,we had to walk home.,A.As there being B.As there was,C.Being D.There was,3)_Sunday,the library doesnt open.,A.Being B.There being,C.It being D.Having been,4)_Sunday,the library doesnt open.,A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is,B,C,D,.,2、逻辑主语+,V-ed,该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。,1),_,the train started.,A.The signal given B.Giving the signal,B.The signal being given,D.The signal giving,2)_,the train started,.,A.After having given the signal,B.After the signal given,C.Giving the signal D.After the signal,was given,A,D,.,B,A,3)_,the text became easier for,us to learn.,A.Explaining new words,B.New words explained,C.Being explained new words,D.Having explained new words,4)_,the text became easier for us to learn.,When new words were explained,Explaining new words,New words explaining,Being explained new words,.,3、,逻辑主语+形容词（副词）,该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主系表”结构。如：,1)_,the patient can leave the hospital.,A.Better conditions B.Conditions better,C.Conditions are better,D.Being better conditions,2)_,the patient can leave the hospital.,A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better,D.Being better conditions,B,C,.,3._,wed like to go outing.,A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK,C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK,4._,wed like to go outing.,A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK,C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C,5._,you can wait a while.,A.The play being still on B.The play still on,C Being still on the play D.A and B,B,D,D,.,在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的,being,（或,having been,）不能省略。,(1),独立主格的逻辑主语是,代词,时。如：,It being Sunday,we went to church.,因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。,(2),在,There being,名词的结构中。如：,There being no bus,we had to go home on foot.,因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家,.,二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：,1、原因状语,该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：,1)._,no bus,we had to walk home.,A.There being B.As there was,C.There was D.A and B,2)._Sunday,the library doesnt open.,A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B,A,D,.,3._,I had to ask for two days,leave.,A.Mother being ill B.Mother ill,C.As mother was ill D.A,B and C,4._,we have to work late into,the night.,A.The exam near B.The exam being near,C.As the exam is near D.A,B and C,D,D,.,2、,时间状语,独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由,when,as soon as,after,等引导的时间状语,从句。如：,1._,the train started.,A.The signal given B.After the signal was given,C.Given the signal D.A and B,2._,the text became easier for us to learn.,New words explained,B.When new words were explained,C.When teacher explained new words,D.all the above,D,D,.,D,D,3、条件状语,独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由,if,引导的条件状语从句。如：,1)._,well go to visit the Great Wall.,A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits,C.If permitting D.A and B,2.)_,the patient will recover himself soon.,A.If the treatment is in time,B.The treatment in time,C.The treatment being in time,D.A,B and C,.,4、伴随状语,独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：,1).,We have lessons every day,_.,A.Sunday included B.Sunday including,C.Sunday is including D.all the above,2).The boy fell asleep,_.,A.cap on head B.with a cap on head,C.a cap on was on head D.all the above,A,A,.,3.Father came home,_,A.a dog following him,B.followed by a dog,C.being followed by a dog,D.all the above,D,.,分词、独立主格和,“,with+,复合宾语,”,作状语的区别,分词结构、独立主格结构、,with+,复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：,一、,分词,在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。,.,分词短语在句中常作以下状语：,1、原因状语,1._,late,we had to walk home.,A.Being B.As we were,C.We being D.A and B,2._ busy,they had no time to play.,A.As they were B.Being,C.Because they were D.all the above,D,D,.,2、,时间状语,1._,the students homework,the teacher,found a lot of mistakes.,When he was correcting B.When he corrected,C.Correcting D.all the above,2._,by your teachers,you are supposed to be modest.,A.When you are praised B.Praised,C.When praised D.all the above,D,D,.,3、,条件状语,1._,more time,he is sure to finish his test paper.,A.If he is given B.If given,C.Given D.all the above,2._,another chance,Ill do my job better.,A.If I have B.If having,C.Having D.all the above,D,D,.,4、伴随状语,1.,Father came back,_ a bag of money on his left shoulder.,carrying B.he was carrying,C.and carrying D.all the above,2.Father came back,_ by a monkey.,and he was followed B.followed,C.and was followed D.all the above,D,A,.,二、,独立主格结构,和,with+,复合宾语,结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：,1._,well go fishing in the country.,A.Permitting weather,B.Weather permitted,C.Weather permitting,D.Permitting,C,.,2._,he finished playing the game of chess.,A.His eyes closing,B.With his eyes closed,C.Closed eyes,D.Closed his eyes,3._,I couldnt get the book I wanted.,A.Closed B.Library closed,C.Closing library,D.With library closing,B,B,.,三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、,with+,复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与主句之间不应有,从属连词,（如,when,if,as soon as,as,while,等）或,并列连词,（如,and,but,or,so,等）。例如：,1._,the teacher told the class to go through the text,A.Checking the answers,B.Checking the answe