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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,现在完成时讲解和它与一般过去时的区别,一、过去分词,1,、,规则动词,：,规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：,(1),、一般动词，在词尾直接加“,ed,”,。,work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited,(2),、以“,e”,结尾的动词，只在词尾加“,d”,。,live-lived-lived,(3),、以“辅音字母,+y”,结尾的动词，将,y,变为,i,，再加“,ed,”,。,study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried,(4),、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“,ed,”,。,stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped,2,、,不规则动词,：,AAA,型,原型 过去式 过去分词,burst,burst,burst,hurt,hurt,hurt,let,let,let,cast cast,cast,AAB,型,Beat,beat,beaten,ABA,型,become became become,run ran run,come came come,ABB,型,bring brought,brought,buy bought,bought,build built,built,ABC,型,begin began begun,blow blew blown,break broke broken,现在完成时讲解,一,基本结构：,助动词,have/has+,过去分词,(done),二,句型：,否定句：主语,+have/,has+not,+,过去分词,+,其他,.,一般疑问句：,Have/Has+,主语,+,过去分词,+,其他,.,简略答语,:Yes,主语,+have/has.(,肯定,),No,主语,+havent/hasnt.(,否定,),（,2,）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（,be,动词表示）常与,for,（,+,时间段）,since,（,+,时间点或过去时的句子）连用,.,for+,时段,since+,过去一个时间点（译为：自从,以来）,since+,时段,+ago,since+,从句（过去时）,It is+,时段,+since+,从句（过去时）,Mary has been ill,for three days,.,I have lived here,since 1998.,三,has gone(to),has been(to),has been(in),的区别,Have/Has,gone(to,):,去了,(,现在不在说话现场,),Where is your father,？,He has gone to Shanghai.,Have/Has been(to):,去过（已不在去过的地方）,My father has been to Shanghai.,Have/has been in,：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）,My father has been in Shanghai for two months./since two months ago.,四现在完成时的标志,1.,现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义,:,*以,already,just,和,yet,为标志,He,has already got,her help.,他已得到她的帮助。,He,has just seen,the film.,他刚刚看过这场电影。,He,hasnt come,back,yet,.,他还没有回来。,*以,ever,和,never,为标志,This is the best film I,have ever seen.,这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。,He,has never been,to Beijing.,他从没有到过北京。,*以动作发生的次数为标志,He says he,has been to,the USA,three times,.,他说他已经去过美国三次了。,*以,so far,（到目前为止）为标,+before,He,has got,to Beijing,so far.,到目前为止他已到了北京。,She has passed the,examso,far.,到目前为止她已经通过了考试。,2.,过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。,*,for+,时段 ,since+,过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志,注意：,1),现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如,yesterday,last,week,three years ago,等,;2),不能与,when,连用,2.,现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,五,瞬间动词,（,buy,die,join,come,，,go,leave,join,）不能直接与,for,、,since,连用。要改变动词,buy-have borrow-keep,come/arrive/reach/get to-be in,go out-be out leave-be away,begin-be on finish-be over,open-be open close-be closed,die-be dead,1.have,代替,buy,My brother has had(,不能用,has bought)this bike for almost four years,.,2,、用,keep,或,have,代替,borrow,I have kept(,不能用,have borrowed)the book for quite a few days.,3,、用,be,替代,become,How long has your sister been a teacher?,4,、用,have a cold,代替,catch a cold,Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.,5,、用,wear,代替,put on,一般过去时与现在完成时用法比较,过去时,表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作,；现在完成时为过去发生的，,强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响,。,过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语,:yesterday,lastweek,，,ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语,:,thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once,，,before,already,recently,，,lately,现在完成时的时间状语,for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如,live,teach,learn,work,study,know.,过去时常用的非持续性动词有,come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried,等。,Isawthisfilmyesterday.,（强调看的动作发生过了。）,Ihaveseenthisfilm.,（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,Whydidyougetupsoearly?,（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）,Whohasnthandedinhispaper?,（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）,ShehasreturnedfromParis.,她已从巴黎回来了。,Shereturnedyesterday.,她是昨天回来了。,HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.,(,在团内的状态可延续,),HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.,(,是团员的状态可持续,),HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.,(,三年前入团，,joined,为短暂行为。,),句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如,yesterday,last,week,in1960,）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）,Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.,（对）,Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.,现在完成时专练,A),选用,have,has,填空,:,1.I _ told him the news.,2.She _ come back from school.,3.You _ won the game.,B),按要求改写下列各句,:,4.They have bought a computer.(,改成否定句,)_,5.He has lost his book.(,先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答,)_,C),单项选择,6.-Where have you _,Kate?,-Ive _ to the bank.A.gone,gone,B.been,been,C.gone,been,D.been,gone,7.Her grandfather _ for two years.A.died,B.has died,C.has been dead,D.has been died,8.Its six weeks _ I met you last.A.when,B.since,C.before,D.for,二、句型转换。,1,、,He has never surfed,?,（改成反意疑问句）,2,、,They have been here,since 2000.,(,对划线部分提问,)_,they been here?3,、,The old man _ last year.He,for a year.(die),（动词填空）,4,、,This factory opened twenty years ago.(,同义句转换,)This factory _ for twenty years.,5,、,Miss,Gao,left an hour ago.(,同义句转换,)Miss,Gao,_ _ _ _ an hour ago.6,、,Her mother has been a Party member for three years.,（同义句）,Her mother _ the Party three years _.7,、,The Green Family moved to France two years ago.(,同义句转换,)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.,8,、,The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(,把两个句子合并成一个句子,)_,三、汉译英。,1,、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。,2,、他昨天收到一封信。,3,、我父亲以前到过长城。,4,、她还没有看过那部新电影。,5,、她去过上海。,6,、他这些天上哪儿去了？,
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