the-history-of-EnglandPP教学讲解课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The history of England,1,Main order,Prehistory(before 43 AD)史前英格兰,Roman Britain(43-410)罗马时期,Anglo-Saxon conquests and the founding of England(about 410-1707)盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰历史,Norman England（1066-1154）诺曼王朝,England under the Plantagenets(1154-1471)金雀花王朝,2,House of York(1461-1485)约克王朝,Tudor of England（1485-1603）都铎王朝,House of Stuart(1603-1649,1660-1707)斯图亚特王朝,Commonwealth of England(1649-1653,1659-1707)英格兰联邦,The Protectorate(1653-1659)护国公时期,3,Kingdom of Great Britain(1707-1800）大不列颠王国,United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Ireland（1801-1922）大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国,United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland（1922 to now)大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国,4,The,history of England,concerns the study of the human past in one of Europes oldest and most influential national territories.What is now,England,a country within the,United Kingdom,was inhabited by,Neanderthals,（尼安德特人）230,000 years ago.Continuous human habitation dates to around 12,000 years ago,at the end of the,last glacial period,(第四冰期）.The region has numerous remains from the,Mesolithic,Neolithic,and,Bronze Age,such as,Stonehenge,and,Avebury,.In the,Iron Age,England,like all of,Britain,south of the,Firth of Forth,was inhabited by the,Celtic,（凯尔特人）people known as the,Britons,（不列颠人）.,5,In 1066,the,Normans invaded and conquered England,.There was much,civil war,and battles with other nations throughout the,Middle Ages,（中世纪）.The Kingdom of England was a sovereign（君主）state until the reign（统治时期）of,Richard I,who made it a vassal（附庸）of the,Holy Roman Empire,in 1194.In 1212 during the reign of his brother,John Lackland,the Kingdom instead became a tribute-paying vassal of the,Holy See,34,until the 16th century when,Henry VIII,broke from the Catholic Church,.During the,Renaissance,（文艺复兴）,England was ruled by the,Tudors,.England had conquered,Wales,in the 12th century and was then united with Scotland in the early 18th century to form a new sovereign state called,Great Britain,.Following the,Industrial Revolution,Great Britain ruled a worldwide,Empire,the largest in the world.Following a process of,decolonization,（非殖民地化）in the 20th century the vast majority of the empire became independent;however,its cultural impact is widespread and deep in many countries of the present day.,6,Prehistory(before 43 AD),Archaeological evidence indicates that what was later southern,Britannia,was colonized by humans long before the rest of the British Isles because of its more hospitable climate between and during the various,glacial periods,of the distant past.The,Sweet Track,in the,Somerset（筋斗）Levels,is the oldest,timber(木船)trackway,discovered in Northern Europe and among the oldest roads in the world,and was built in 3807 or 3806 BC.,7,The Stonehenge,8,Roman Britain(43-410),Julius Caesar invaded,southern Britain in 55 and 54 BC and wrote in,De Bello Gallico,that the population of southern Britannia was extremely large and shared much in common with the,Belgae,of the,Low Countries,.Coin evidence and the work of later Roman historians have provided the names of some of the rulers of the disparate tribes and their machinations in what was Britannia.Until the,Roman Conquest of Britain,Britains British population was relatively stable,and by the time of,Julius Caesar,s first invasion,the,British,population of what was western old Britain was speaking a,Celtic language,generally thought to be the forerunner of the modern,Brythonic(布里吞语）languages,.,10,After Julius Caesar abandoned Britain,it fell back into the hands of the Britons and the Belgae.,9,Hadrians Wall,(哈德良长城）viewed from,Vercovicium,10,Post-Roman Britain,In the wake of the breakdown of Roman rule in Britain around 410,present day England was progressively settled by,Germanic,groups.Collectively known as the,Anglo-Saxons,these included,Jutes,from,Jutland,together with larger numbers of,Saxons,from northwestern Germany and,Angles,from what is now,Schleswig-Holstein,.,11,Anglo-Saxon conquests and the founding of England(about 410-1707),In approximately 495,at the,Battle of Mount Badon,Britons inflicted（遭受）a severe defeat on an invading Anglo-Saxon army which halted the westward Anglo-Saxon advance for some decades.,12,Kingdoms and tribes in,Britain,c.600 AD,13,Norman England（1066-1154）,The,Norman Conquest,led to a sea-change in the history of the English state.William ordered the compilation（编辑）of the,Domesday Book,a survey of the entire population and their lands and property for tax purposes,which reveals that within twenty years of the conquest the English ruling class had been almost entirely dispossessed and replaced by Norman landholders,14,Depiction(描述）of the,Battle of Hastings,（黑斯停斯）(1066)on the,Bayeux Tapestry,15,England under the Plantagenets(1154-1471)金雀花王朝,Geoffroys,son,Henry,resumed the invasion;he was already Count of Anjou,Duke of Normandy and Duke of Aquitaine when he landed in England.When Stephens son and heir apparent,Eustace,died in 1153,the king reached a