级本科定语从句的翻译(共24张PPT)

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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,定语从句的翻译,第1页,共24页。,A comparative study of English and,Chinese attributive structures,1.This is the cat.,2.This is the cat,that killed the rat.,3.This is the cat that killed the rat,that ate,the cake.,4.This is the cat that killed the rat that,ate the cake,that lay in the house.,5.This is the cat that killed the rat that ate,the cake that lay in the house,that Jack built.,1.,这就是那只猫,。,2.,这就是那只,捕杀了老鼠的,猫。,3.,这就是那只,捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的,猫。,4.,这就是那只,捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的,猫。,5.,这就是那只,捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕,的老鼠的,猫。,第2页,共24页。,在存放电子计算机的房间里,不能有一点灰尘。,After dinner,the four key negotiators resumed their talks,which continued well into the night.,are known,its mechanical advantage can be,人们极其迫切地要求工作,不管什么工作,只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。,He liked his sister,who was warm and pleasant,but he didnt like his brother,who was aloof and arrogant.,IV Translation of the attributive clauses,This is the cat that killed the rat that ate,old man,whose eyes flashed red with fury.,三、非限制性定语从句的翻译,non-restrictive attributive clauses,advantages,cannot carry out creative work,Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully,你必须掌握“功”的概念,因为它在物理学中很重要(原因),Apparently,it,s impossible for a translator to put all the information into one Chinese sentence in the same sequence as in English.Therefore,a readable Chinese version of the above English sentences 3,4,5 should be like these,:,3.,这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫,,那只老鼠偷吃了蛋糕,。,4.,这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫,那只老鼠偷吃了,放在房间里的,蛋糕。,5.,这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫,那只老鼠偷吃了放在房间里的,蛋糕,房子是,杰克修建的,。,解析,第3页,共24页。,Conclusion,英语的定语从句为右开放型,放在被修饰词语后,一个句子可以向右扩展成无数个从句;而汉语则不然,定语部分置于被修饰词左边,不能像英语那样随意地扩展。因此,我们在翻译复杂的英语定语从句时,最有效的方法就是将其切分为一个个短句再分别处理。,第4页,共24页。,1.Features of the restrictive,attributive clauses,限制性定语从句的主要特点是,:,限制性定语从句对其所修饰的先行词起限制作用,关系密切,不可分开更不可去掉。一般来讲,先行词和限制性定语从句之间不用逗号隔开。因此,翻译时要注意定语从句的翻译,若处理不当,则会影响全句的意义。,二、限制性定语从句的翻译,第5页,共24页。,2.Methods of translating the restrictive attributive clauses,Combination,如果定语从句比较简短,译者可将定语从句译成,“,的,”,结构放在先行词前做定语,这样,英语的复合句译成汉语时就变成简单句。所以这种方法就称为合并法。,The people,who worked for him,lived in mortal fear of him.,在,他手下工作的,人对他怕得要死。,第6页,共24页。,Practice,1.In the room,where the electronic computer,is kept,there must be no dust at all.,在,存放电子计算机的,房间里,不能有一点灰尘,。,2,.,Pollution is a pressing problem,which we,must deal with,.,污染是,我们必须解决的,一个迫切问题。,第7页,共24页。,2.Division,如果定语从句比较长而复杂,若用合并法将其放在先行词前,译文不但晦涩难懂,而且也不符合汉语表达习惯。在这种情况下,我们可采用主句和从句分开来译的方法,为使译文连贯,流畅,翻译时可根据情况重复先行词。,They are striving for the ideal,which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which,in the past,many Chinese have laid down their lives.,他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,,这个理想是每个中国人所关注的,在过去,许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命,。,第8页,共24页。,1.,Newton invented a paper lantern illuminated by a candle,which he carried with him to light his way to school on dark winter mornings.,牛顿发明了一种点蜡烛的纸灯笼,,在冬天昏暗的早晨上学时带着照路,。,2,.,Between these two tiny particles,the proton and the electron,there is a powerful attraction,that is always present between negative and positive electric charges.,在质子和电子这两个微粒之间有一个很大的吸引力,,而这个吸引力总是存在于正,负电荷之间,。,practice,第9页,共24页。,3.Mixture,There are some metals,which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.,这种方法是指翻译时打破原文的句子结构,译者根据自己对原文的正确理解用自己的话译出原文的意思。这种方法通常用于,“,there be,”,结构和另外一种情况,即:英语主句比较简单,重点在于定语从句,这时,译者可将主句译成简单句的主语,而定语从句译成谓语。,Good clocks have pendulums,which are,automatically compensated for temperature,changes.,某些金属,既能导电,又能被磁化,。,好的钟摆,可以自动补偿温度变化造成的误差,。,第10页,共24页。,1.,In our factory,there are many people,who are much interested in the new invention,.,在我们工厂里,,许多人,对这项新发明很感兴趣。,2.,We used a plane,of,which almost every,part carried some identification of,national identity.,我们驾驶的飞机,几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。,practice,第11页,共24页。,1.Features of the non-restrictive attributive clauses,非,限制性定语从句的主要特点是:,非,限制性定语从句对其所修饰的先行词不起限制作用,是一种附加性质的从句。只对先行词加以描述,叙说,解释或补充。与其所修饰的先行词的关系不密切,所以常常用逗号分开,翻译时常采取分译法,使其独立成句。,三、非限制性定语从句的翻译,第12页,共24页。,2.Methods of translating the,non-restrictive attributive clauses,(,1,)分译法是指将主句与非限制性定语从句分开来译,翻译成汉语的复合句。可根据情况,重复或省略先行词。,1.Division,I told the story to John,who told it to his brother.,我把这件事告诉了约翰,,约翰又告诉了他弟弟,。,After dinner,the four key negotiators resumed their talks,which continued well into the night,.,饭后,四个主要谈判人继续进行会谈,,一直谈到深夜,。,第13页,共24页。,1.,This is a college of science and technology,the,students of which are trained to be engineers or,scientists.,这是一所科技大学,,该校学生将被培养成工程师或科学工作者。,2.,He saw in front that haggard white-haired,old man,whose eyes flashed red with fury,.,他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老人,,眼里闪耀着愤怒的目光,。,Practice,第14页,共24页。,(,2,)可根据情况将非限制性定语从句分译成汉语的一个,独立句。,One of the greatest promoters of structural organic chemistry around the turn of the century was Emil Fisher,who,as early as 1893,had already the structure of cellulose as a polysaccharide in mind,.,在上世纪末和本世纪初,艾米尔,费舍尔是结构有机化学方面最伟大的推动者之一。,早在,1893,年,他就认为纤维素的结构是聚糖。,第15页,共24页。,Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully,which showed that the computations were accurate,.,不过,问题还是圆满地解决了。,这说明计算很准确,。,2,.He
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