语法专项突破第四节

目录,第四节动词和动词短语,本节目录,语法精讲考点整合,语法专练知能闯关,语法精讲考点整合,考点一词义辨析,1,lay,和,lie,原形,过去式,过去分词,现在分词,意思,用法,lie,lay,lain,lying,躺，位于,不及物动词,lie,lied,lied,lying,说谎,不及物动词,lay,laid,laid,laying,放置,产卵,及物动词,2.arise,，,rise,和,raise,原形,过去式,过去分词,现在分词,意思,用法,arise,arose,arisen,arising,出现，发生，兴起,不及物动词,rise,rose,risen,rising,上升，起身,不及物动词,raise,raised,raised,raising,举起，提高，唤起，饲养,及物动词,3.sit,和,seat,：,sit,表示动作，,seat,如果表示就座要用,be seated,或用,seat oneself,。如：,They were seated at their desks.,I found some strangers sitting at the back of the classroom.,I found some strangers seated at the back of the classroom.,我发现教室后面坐着几个陌生人。,4,fit,，,suit,，,match,(1)fit,和,suit,都可表示,“,适合,”,或,“,合适,”,。,fit,主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合，而,suit,则主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。如：,This dress doesnt fit me.Have you got a larger size?,这条连衣裙不合我的身，你有大一点尺寸的吗？,This dress doesnt suit me.Have you got another style?,这条连衣裙不适合我穿。你还有其他的款式吗？,(2)suit,还可以用来谈论某种安排或情况是否方便。如：,Tuesday would suit me very well for a meeting.,星期二开会对我来说很合适。,(3)match,主要表示,“,与,相配或相称，使,相配，使,相称,”,。如：,Her clothes do not match her age.,她的衣服与她的年龄不配。,The color of the shirt does not match that of the tie.,衬衫的颜色与领带不相配。,5,adopt,，,attach,，,adapt,，,adjust,(1)adopt,v,t,.,采取，采纳；收养，领养,(2)attach,把,附,(,在,上,),；重视,attach much importance to.,非常重视,(3)adapt,v,t,.,适应，,adapt oneself to,适应于,(4)adjust,v,t,.,适应，调整；,adjust oneself to,适应于,This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need,，,besides,，,it is not expensive at all.,这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。,Having no children of their own,，,they decided to adopt an orphan.,他们因没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。,【,典例,】,(2012,高考湖北卷,)Two lawyers have donated$50,000 to _our schools campaign“Help the Needy”,，,which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.,A,sponsor,B,launch,C,organize D,plan,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查动词词义辨析。,sponsor,意为,“,赞助，资助,”,；,launch,意为,“,发动；着手,(,事业等,),”,；,organize,意为,“,组织,”,；,plan,意为,“,计划，打算,”,。句意：两名律师已捐款,5,万美元来,_,我们学校的,“,帮助贫困学生,”,的活动,这个活动是,3,年前我们的前任校长发起的。根据后面的定语从句,which was started by our former headmaster three years ago,可知这个活动已经,“,发起,”,了，故排除,B,、,C,、,D,三项。所以选,A,项，应为,“,赞助,”,这一活动。,【,易错剖析,】,考生误选,B,者较多。理解成了,“,发起,Help the Needy,”,运动，没有理解确切句意。,触类旁通,1,(2013,浏阳一中高三月考,)It is required that all traffic participants should _ the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster.,A,perform B,observe,C,support D,possess,解析：选,B,。句意：为了使交通更安全顺畅，所有的交通参与者都被要求遵守交通规则。,observe,obey,“,遵守,”,。,2,(2013,南京学大教育专修学院高三月测,)If you like the new house,，,I suggest you buy it.,But its really too expensive.I cant _ it.,A,get B,afford,C,supply D,support,解析：选,B,。句意：,如果你喜欢这所新房子，我建议你把它买下来。,但是它实在太贵了，我买不起。,afford,“,负担得起,”,。,3,(2012,安徽合肥一中高三第二次阶段考试,)My brother is very tall.The little bed wont _for him.,A,prepare B,match,C,fit D,do,解析：选,D,。句意：我弟弟太高了，这张小床不适合他。,do“,适合，足够,”,，,match,vt,.“,相配；和,相配,”,，,fit,vt,.“(,形状、尺寸,),适合,(,某人,)”,。,考点二动词的固定搭配,1,可用于,“,动词,sb.,of sth.,”,的常用动词,accuse(,控告,),，,cheat(,欺骗,),，,cure(,治愈,),，,inform(,通知,),，,remind(,提醒,),，,rid(,摆脱,),，,rob(,抢劫,),，,warn(,警告,),。,This photo reminds me of my schooldays.,这张照片使我想起了学校生活。,The people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding.,该镇居民被警告有洪水危险。,2,可用于,“,动词,sb.,for doing sth.,”,的常用动词,blame(,指责,),，,criticise(,批评,),，,forgive(,原谅,),excuse(,原谅,),，,pardon(,原谅,),，,punish(,惩罚,),，,scold(,指责,),，,thank(,感谢,),。,Forgive me for saying so,，,but I think thats nonsense.,原谅我这样说，但是我认为没意义。,I dont blame you for doing that.,我不责备你做了那事。,3,可接双宾语的,34,个常用单词,award(,授予,),，,bring(,带来,),，,hand(,递,),，,lend(,借,),mail(,邮寄,),，,offer(,提供,),，,owe(,欠,),，,pass(,递,),，,pay(,付钱,),，,post(,寄,),，,read(,读,),，,return(,归还,),，,send(,送,),，,sell(,卖,),，,show(,展示,),，,teach(,教,),，,tell(,告诉,),，,throw(,扔,),，,write(,写,),，,book(,预订,),，,buy(,购买,),，,choose(,选择,),，,cook(,煮,),，,draw(,画,),，,fetch(,去取,),，,find(,找到,),，,fix(,安装,),，,get(,取得，带来,),，,make(,做,),order(,订购,),，,prepare(,准备,),，,save(,节省,),，,sing(,唱,),，,spare(,留出,),。,They awarded John the first prize.,他们授予约翰一等奖。,Can you spare me five minutes?,你能抽出五分钟和我谈谈吗？,【,典例,】,(2011,高考大纲全国卷,)Mary,，,I _John of his promise to help you.,A,told B,reminded,C,warned D,advised,【,解析,】,选,B,。句意：玛丽，约翰承诺要帮助你，我提醒过他。,tell,告诉；,remind,提醒；,warn,警告；,advise,建议。,【,易错剖析,】,考生选,C,者较多。仅记住了,warn sb.of sth.,这一结构，忽视了句意。,触类旁通,1,.,(2012,甘肃高三联合测试,)As the train ran faster and faster,the lights of the city were soon _.,A,left off B,left alone,C,left behind D,left out,解析：选,C,。考查动词词组。句意：随着火车速度的加快，城市的灯火很快就被抛在后面。,leave behind,表示,“,把,抛在后面；超过,”,；,A,项表示,“,停止,”,，,B,项表示,“,不管；不打扰,”,，,D,项表示,“,遗漏；排除,”,，均不符合语意。,2,Can you _ me a job when I get there,？,You know,，,I have to work in order to pay for my schooling.,A,provide B,guarantee,C,arrange D,apply,解析：选,B,。句意：我到达那里时你能保证我有工作吗？你知道，我不得不工作来付我的学费。四个词中只有,guarantee,后可接双宾语，即,guarantee sb.sth.,。,考点三高频动词短语,1,bring,构成的短语,bring about,引起，导致,bring back,使想起,bring down,降低,bring in,赚得，引入，请,做,bring up,提出，养育，抚养，呕吐,2,break,构成的短语,break away(from),逃脱，脱离,break down(,机器等,),坏掉，,(,身体,),垮掉，,(,计划、和谈等,),失败,break in,破门而入，插嘴,break into,强行闯入，突然开始,break out(,火灾、战争、疾病等,),突然开始，爆发,break up,解散，粉碎，绝交,3,call,构成的短语,call at,拜访,(,某地,),call on,拜访,(,某人,),call back,回电话,call up,打电话给，使回忆起,call for,去,(,接,),，需要，要求,call in,召来,call off,取消,4,cut,构成的短语,cut down,砍倒，削减,cut