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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Chinas Community Banks中国地方性(社区)银行的发展情况,By Dr.Tao Zhang,Peoples Bank of China,May 2005,Shanghai,China,2005年5月25日,上海,Outline,Background:China,sbankingsystem,China,scommunitybanks,Issuesfordiscussion,TheBankingSystem:,Alargerangeofbanks,4SOBs,3Policybanks,12JEBs,112CityCommercialBanks,709Citycreditunions,4Ruralcommercialbanks,4Ruralcooperativebanks,33,586ruralcreditunions,119foreign-ownedbankinginstitutions(branches,res.rep.offices),Sizeofthebankingsector,Bankingsector:dominantinthefinancialindustry,By March2005，totalbankingassets Y32.trillionRMB(vs.GDP:Y10.4 trillion RMB),That,s 95%of the totalasset oftheentirefinancial institutions,Banklendingdominates,(byend2004,）,）,Market shares:distributionof banks,全国商业,银,银行市场,份,份额比较,表,表,Whatisa communitybank,Definition 1:providingbankingservicestolocal residentsandfirms,and in doingso,specializinginproviding banking services to localcommunities;,Definition 2:charteredor licensedto provide commercial banking orsavingservicesina specifiedlocality,Somecharactersof communitybanks社,区,区银行的,基,基本特征,Limitedsizeofassets(USA：lessthan US$1 billion）,At leasthalf ofdeposits come fromlocal community至,少,少一半的,存,存款来自,于,于同一个,县,县内的各,个,个分支机,构,构,Client base:local community,SMEs,Community Banksin China,中,中国的,中,中小金融,机,机构,Chinascommunity banks:indistinguishfromnational and regional banks,There are city and ruralcommunity banks,There isnotyeta single communitybankthatsis privatelyowned,Types ofCommunity BanksinChina中国,小,小金融机,构,构的类型,Citycommercialbanks城市商,业,业银行,Citycreditunions城市,信,信用社,Rural creditunions农,村,村信用社,Rural cooperative banks农,村,村合作银,行,行,Rural commercialbanks农村,商,商业银行,SomeJoint-Equity Banks(JVBs),WhyCommunity Banks,Helpease the situation:SMEandrural financing,社,社区银行,可,可以有效,地,地改善中,小,小企业和,农,农村贷款,难,难的状况,。,。,Notto compete with,“,“bigbrothers”社,区,区银行服,务,务于小企,业,业和社区,居,居民，和,大,大银行不,会,会形成激,烈,烈冲突。,Local knowledgeadvantage社区银,行,行通常十,分,分熟悉本,地,地市场，,信,信息不对,称,称程度相,对,对大银行,而,而言较小,。,。,Winningmoresupportfrom localgovernment and localresidents社区,银,银行则主,要,要将一个,地,地区吸收,的,的存款继,续,续投入到,该,该地区，,从,从而推动,当,当地经济,的,的发展，,因,因此将比,大,大银行更,能,能获得当,地,地政府和,居,居民的支,持,持。,Butthere are debates,Sizedoes not mattermost,Corporate governancethat ismarket-based,Greaternumber of smallbanks help improve the composition of marketplayers,Butmoreimportant is tofixthe,“,“bad”institutions,CityCreditUnion:Facts and Figures城市,信,信用社,CityCreditUnion:Facts,城,城市信用,社,社的改革,和,和发展历,程,程,First CCU started in1979,Became morepopularin 1986,Consolidation in1989,Recovered after1992,Somerestructured tocity cooperative Banksin 1995，renamedtoCityCommercialBanks after1998,Close-down of some of the CCUs in 1999,Anotherround ofconsolidation in 2000,CityCreditUnions:Figures(endJune 2004),709institutionsnation-wide,全,全国共有,城,城市信用,社,社法人机,构,构709,家,家。,412in business处,于,于运营状,态,态的城市,信,信用社412家。,Total asset:151.769billionYuan账面资,产,产总额1517.69亿元,。,。,Pre-taxprofit:173 million Yuanin H12004,CityCommercialBank,城,城市商,业,业银行,1995,some citycredit unions was restructured intocitycooperativebanks,to provide commercial banking services to SMEs,Completion of city cooperative bankstocitycommercialbanks in1998,112citycommercialbanks,Total asset:1667.15billionyuan(by end March2005),That,s 5.1%of totalasset of financialinstitutionsinChina,NPLratio:11.5%,CityCommercialBanks:Figures,(end2004),图表1-2 全,国,国城市商,业,业银行资,产,产负债及,损,损益简表,单位：亿,元,元/%,100 million yuan,No.of institutions,112,Employees,109211,Total asset,16938.07,loans,9045.31,NPL,1060.97,NPL ratio,11.73%,CityCommercialBanks:MainIssues,主要问题,Lackofmanagerial skills资本管,理,理水平较,低,低，,Capitalinadequacy资本,充,充足率不,足,足的问题,日,日益突出,，,，,Lowqualityof asset,总,总体资产,状,状况较差,，,，,Difficult NPL dissolution不良资,产,产处置难,度,度加大，,资,资产损失,率,率较高,Regionalimbalance发展,极,极不平衡,，,，呈现明,显,显的地区,性,性差异；,少,少数高风,险,险行经营,困,困难，风,险,险状况十,分,分严重。,。,。,Rural CreditUnions:Facts and figures农村,信,信用社,农村信用,社,社的经营,状,状况,农村信用,社,社改革:a focus,Rurul creditunion:figures(end2004),Total deposits:2784.097b yuan,Total lending:1955.125b yuan,NPLratio:23.1%,fell by 6.27%within the year,Lending to agriculturalsector:849.029byuan,upby22.5%,Lending to farmers:679.956bYuan,upby21.86%,26,245RCUsmade profitin2004,accounting for81%ofthe nation-wide RCUs,RCUs as awholeinoperationalsurplusof10.462bYuan,firsttime ever,Ruralcreditunions:facts,Associated withand managedChinaAgricultureBank1978-1996by1978年，,农,农村信,用,用社交,由,由中国,农,农业银,行,行管理,。,。,Independentfrom CABCin1996,supervisedbyPBOC,Pilotingreforms of RCUsinJuly2007:Jiangsu province,etc:6provincial-levelRCUs and65perfecture-level RCUs,2003-2004:RCUsreform expanded to allprovinces,RCUs:ReformMeasures,Purpose:commercialization,Principle:ownership;incentive;Central-local responsibility,Twokey issues,Ownership:localgovernments,Corporategovernance,More RCUReforms,RuralCooperativeBank/Rural Commercialbank,Figures经营,状,状况,Main issues存,在,在问题,RCBs/RComB:Figures,Byend03/05,19 RCBsand 8RComBs in operation,23RCBs and1 RComBsissuedwithlicence butyetinoperation,NPLratio:6.1%,RCBs andRComBallmeetminimum CARrequirements(8%and4%respectively),RCBs/
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