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,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Chapter 9 Modernism(2),e.e.cummings,and,Robert Frost,Key Features of Modernism,Language as a substance in its own right,Departure from conventional literary structures,Collage and allusion,Three Types of Modern Poets,A,:,Leading figures,in the poetic revolution,B,:,Chicago Poets,C,:,in-between poets,Leading figures,in the poetic revolution,Ezra Pound,(18851972),埃兹拉,.,庞德,T.S.Eliot,(18881972),T.S.,艾略特,e.e.cummings,(18941962),e.e.,卡明斯,E.E.Cummings,(18941962),His life,His works,His contribution,His style,Concrete poetry,His works,Poems:,Tulips and Chimneys,XLI Poems,Is 5,No thanks,Complete Poems,Drama:,Him,Santa Claus,Prose:,The Enormous Room,-4 months wrong experience in,prison,Eimi,-his experience in Russia,Six Non-lectures,-speeches at Harvard,1 Against traditional poetry with bold attempts at composing poems,2 Unique style,3 Cubism&Dadaism,-guide his poems,His contribution,His style,1 New,spatial,arrangement of words;,2 New poems dealing with“,un-poetic subjects,”;,3 His scramble,word order,in syntactic anagram;,4 His extension of the semantic possibilities of,words,(he chooses to stretch,squeeze,or intensify by typographical acrobatics or grammatical innovations);,Concrete poetry,or,shape poetry,is poetry in which the typographical arrangement of words is as important in conveying the intended effect as the conventional elements of the poem,such as meaning of words,rhythm,rhyme and so on.,An“and”is simply an“and”,but an ampersand is much more grand.,l(a),e.e.cummings,l(a,le,af,fa,ll,s),one,l,iness,l(a leaf falls)oneliness,A leaf falls IN loneliness,a leaf falls interrupting loneliness,A lonely person sees a leaf fall and an epiphany occurs about the subjects at-one-ness with creation.,the poem looks like a leaf falling from a tall tree-hence the tall poem,e and a are leaves in pictograph(tree),(a leaf falls)is written in such a way that makes the readers eyes dart back and forth going down the page,which gives one the impression of a leaf flittering in the wind,the iness at the end is like a leaf lying down to rest among other fallen leaves;it also makes us,feel that aloneness that we call solitude,the word one is directly over the letter l(lowercase L)which looks like a numeric one,the number,one,symbolizes loneliness,生活,网,北岛，,1949,年出生，本名赵振开，曾用笔名：北岛，石默。祖籍浙江湖州，生于北京。,1978,年同诗人芒克创办民间诗歌刊物,今天,。开创了当代著名的“朦胧诗派”。,1990,年旅居美国，现任教于加利福尼亚州戴维斯大学。曾获得诺贝尔文学奖提名。,2008,年，他接受香港中文大学的聘请，定居香港。,北岛的诗歌创作开始于十年动乱后期，反映了从迷惘到觉醒的一代青年的心声，十年动乱的荒诞现实，造成了诗人独特的“冷抒情”的方式,出奇的冷静和深刻的思辨性。,亦,又,太,心,Carl Sandburg(1878-1967),Chicago,is a poem by Carl Sandburg,about the U.S.city of Chicago.It first appeared in Sandburgs first collection of poems,published in 1916.The,Chicago Poems,and its follow-up volumes of verse represent Sandburgs attempts to found,an American version of social realism,writing expansive verse in praise of American agriculture and industry.,Fog,Carl Sandburg,The fog comes,on little cat feet.,It sits looking,over harbor and city,on silent haunches,and then moves on.,This poem gives a very vivid description of the fog by means of the image of a little cat.,Although short and simple,the poem is full of turns and transitions.Could you explain these transitions in the poem?,The Transitions and the Functions in the Poem,The first two lines depict the unnoticeable arrival of the fog by describing the appearance of a little cats feet,which creates the sense of,mystery,.,Then the poet focuses his description on the cat sitting on the haunches,undergoing a transition from,abstract,to,concrete,from,action,to,station,from,intangible,to,tangible,.,The poem ends with another transition from concrete to abstract,the tangible fog(cat)vanishes and becomes intangible,leaving behind a vague shadow.,Robert Frost,(18741963),罗伯特,.,弗罗斯特,“,New England poet”,Robert Frost was the most popular American poet of this century.,received four,Pulitzer Prizes,for his poetry:,The Road Not Taken Mending Wall Fire and Ice,Acquainted with the Night,Robert Frost,Literary Achievements,His works,His style,Appreciation of his poems:,1,After Apple-Picking,2,Acquainted With theNight,Literary Achievements,Frost mainly wrote about the landscape and people in,New England,.,He wrote many poems that investigate the,basic theme of mans life.,His works,(1),My butterfly,A Boys Will,North of Boston,Mountain Interval,New Hampshire,West-Running Brook,A Further Range,Mending Wall,After Apple-Picking,The Birches,A Witness Tree,His works,(2),Steeple Bush,A Masque of Mercy,Collected Poems,Complete Poems,In the Clearing,won Pulitzer Prize 4 times,Appointed as professor or visiting poet by dozens of universities,Be entitled“national poet”by American senate at age of 75,Recited his poem,The Gift Outright,on,Inauguration Day of John Kennedy,Last poem at age of 88,His style,(1),Frost took no part in the literary movement in the 20th century.He did not experiment with form,as many poets did in the 1920s.,He used,conventional forms,plain and a graceful st
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