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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Thomas Hardy,(18401928),I HARDYS LIFE,1840 born in,Dorset,son of a master builder(contractor).Mothers family long established,literary interest.,1856 left school and was apprenticed to a local architect.,1862 went to London to work.,attended night classes and wrote poetry.Concerts and museums.,1867 returned to Dorset to work for the architect-teacher.,1874 married Emma Lavinia Gifford,the local chruch organist.,1883-1885 he built his own home:Max Gate,1895 the last,Wessex,novel,Jude the Obscure,published.(14,Wessex,novels 1871-1895)Attacks on Hardy.,1898 gave up writing novels and turned to poetry.,1912 the first Mrs.Hardy died and 1914 Married Florence Emily Dugdale,1928 Hardys death.,I Hardys Life,II WESSEX COUNTRY,Dorset,provides the setting for most of Hardys novels and stories.Hardy,however,changed the name of Dorset to,“,Wessex,”,which was the name of ancient kingdom of the West Saxons(6,th,10,th,century)Thomas Hardy first used the term,Wessex,in his 1874 novel,Far From the Madding Crowd,.He systematically changed place names and topography to conform consistently with the fictitious Wessex he had formulated.,Hardys House:Max Gate,II HARDYS WORKS,Hardy himself divided his novels and short stories into three series:,Novels of Character and Environment,Romances and Fantasies,Novels of Ingenuity,Romances and Fantasies,A Pair of Blue Eyes,(1873),The Trumpet Major,(1880),Two on a Tower,(1882),A Group of Noble Dames,(1891),The Well-Beloved,(1892-97),Novels of Ingenuity,Desperate Remedies,(1871),The Hand of,Ethelberta,(1876),A,Laodicean,(1881),A Changed Man,The Waiting Supper and Other Tales,(1913)(A collection of short stories and novelettes),III The Return of the Native:story in brief,Eustacia Vye,Clym Yeobright,Mrs.Yeobright,(Clyms mother),Damon Wildeve,Thomasin Yeobright,(Clyms cousin),Diggory Venn,Major Themes of Hardys Novels,The struggle of man against the indifferent force that rules the world and inflicts on him the sufferings and ironies of life and love.,The effects of the pressure of the new,urban,and industrial civilization on the old,rural,and agricultural life of rural England.,Determinism in Hardys Novels,He adopted the mechanical-,determinist,view of natures cruelty,reflected in the inevitably tragic and self-destructive fates of his characters.The characters in his novels struggled helplessly against their passions and external circumstances.,Occasionally the determined fate of the individual is altered by,chance,but the human will lose when it challenges necessity.,
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