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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,Grammar and usage,非谓语动词,非谓语动词,过去分词,不定式,-ing,形式,动名词,现在分词,动名词（,Gerund),动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中,作主语,，,宾语,，,表语,和,定语,。,1. Playing football is my favourite sport.,主语,2.,Our work is serving the people.,表语,3. I remember,being taken,to Wuhan when I was a very small child.,宾语,4. We have a swimming poor in the back yard.,定语,I remember,being taken,to Wuhan when I was a very small child.,（,动名词的一般被动态）,She admitted,having opened,the box.,（动名词的完成被动态）,How about,the two of us taking,a walk down the garden? (MET93 17),(,动名词的复合结构,),动名词与不定式作主语，表语的区别,v-ing,形式作主语时往往表示一般性的、习惯性的动作；而不定式作主语则表示在具体情况下特定的或一次性的动作。但有时可以通用。,Being a student, he was interested in sports.,过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作以完成。,Knowing that there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door.,Time permitting, I will meet you for lunch.,The couple went shopping, leaving their eldest daughter alone at home.,fallen leaves 落叶,learningC.,If time permits, I will meet you for lunch.,wrote D.,A waiting taxi is around the corner.,The argument is very convincing.,seeing C.,只能用动名词作宾语的动词,1.advise, allow, avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, suggest,dislike,appreciate,2.feel like, give up, put off, keep on, look forward to ,insist on , cant help ,get used to ,devote,to,3.Its useless/no use/no good,doing,在,begin, start, continue,intend,等动词后跟,v-ing,形式和不定式作宾语，句子含义相同,在,like, love, hate,等动词后,v-ing,形式作宾语时往往表示一般性的、习惯性的动作；而不定式作宾语则表示在具体情况下特定的或一次性的动作。,下列动词后跟动名词或不定式意思完全不同。,1.remember,forget, regret,+ doing,记得,/,忘记,/,遗憾曾做过某事,+ to do,记得,/,忘记,/,遗憾要做某事,2.want,need,require,+doing,需要被做,+to do,需要做,3.stop,try, mean,go on,go on to do,接着又做另一件事,/go on doing,继续做同一件事,stop to do,停下来去做某事,/stop doing,停止做某事,try to do,努力做某事,/try doing,试一试做某事,mean to do,打算想做某事,/mean doing,意味着意思是做某事,作定语时，与现在分词的区别,动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能，现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。,现在分词,动名词,a sleeping child,一个正在睡觉的孩子,a sleeping car,一辆卧车,a flying bird,一只正在飞翔的鸟,a flying course,飞行课程,a swimming girl,一个正在游泳的女孩,a swimming pool,一个游泳池,the running water,自来水,the running track,跑道,动名词的复合结构,构成：形容词性物主代词 加动名词、名次所有格、加动名词,My coming made him happy.,Zhangs arriving made everyone upset.,The theif being caught let our neighbours smile.,His having finished the task let the teacher satisfied.,现在分词,(present participle),现在分词的形式与动名词相同，但功能不同,.,可在句中充当定语，表语，状语和补语,。,1.,作定语,an interesting book,the man sitting by the window,boiling water,falling snow,the bridge being built,A.,与动名词作定语的区别,B.,与过去分词,不定式 作定语的区别,过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作以完成。,现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。,不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。,the house being built/to be built/built,正在被建,/,将要被建,/,建好了的房子,boiling water,正在沸腾的水,boiled water,开水,the changing world,变化中的世界,the changed world,变化了的世界,the developing countries,发展中国家,the developed countries,发达国家,falling leaves,正在落下的叶子,fallen leaves,落叶,rising sun,正在升起的太阳,risen sun,已经升起的太阳,2,作表语,与过去分词作表语的区别,凡表示“令人,的”都是,-ing,形式，凡是表示“感到,”,都用,-ed,形式。,interesting,使人感兴趣的,interested,感兴趣的,exciting,令人激动的,excited,感到激动的,delighting,令人高兴的,delighted,感到高兴的,disappointing,令人失望的,disappointed,感到失望的,encouraging,令人鼓舞的,encouraged,感到鼓舞的,pleasing,令人愉快的,pleased,感到愉快的,puzzling,令人费解的,puzzled,感到费解的,satisfying,令人满意的,satisfied,感到满意的,surprising,令人惊异的,surprised,感到惊异的,worrying,令人担心的,worried,感到担心的,旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。,Travelling is interesting but tiring.,如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。,The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.,他的论点很令人信服。,The argument is very convincing.,3.,作状语,1 .Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.,2. Being a student, he was interested in sports.,3. Having written the letter, John went to the post office.,现在分词作状语时，注意如下三点：,相当于相应的从句,分词的逻辑主语就是全句的主语,现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态,4.,作补语,Can you get the machine going again?,The boys were seen walking on the grass.,非谓语动词的否定式均为,not+,非谓语动词,The couple went shopping, leaving their eldest daughter alone at home.,to be seen,A waiting taxi is around the corner.,to take D.,Having plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays.,Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school.,If time permits, I will meet you for lunch.,Its useless/no use/no good doing,只能用动名词作宾语的动词,disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的,+ to do记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事,to burn B.,一些独立结构,：,1. Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school.,2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody.,3. _( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.,speaking,Judging,To tell,Consolidation,The verb-ing forms in these sentences are all used as the attribute. Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb-ing form?,1). A taxi which is waiting is around the corner. Go and take it.,A waiting taxi is around the corner. Go and take it.,2).It is said that nothing that lives can be found on Mars.,It is said that no living things can be found on Mars.,3).The boy who was smiling ran to his mother.,The smiling boy ran to his mother.,4).The woman who is coming to dinner this evening works in the bank.,The woman coming to dinner this evening works in the bank.,5).The young man who is looking at the map is lost.,The young man looking at the map is lost.,6).The man who is performing in the street can play five musical instruments.,The man performing in the street can play five musical instruments.,现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态,fallen leaves 落叶,the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears.,to take D.,interesting使人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的,see D.,Travelling is interesting but tiring.,After finishing his homework he went on_a letter to his parents.,Consolidation,the running water自来水,Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb-ing form?,+ to do记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事,Can you rewrite these sentences ,using clauses introduced by,when,after,because,as a result,and if ect.,Knowing,that there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door.,Because,he knew that there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door.,Having,plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays.,Because,she had plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays.,Lucy and Lily,looking,so alike, are often mistaken for twins.,Lucy and Lily,because,they look so alike, are often mistaken for twins.,The couple went shopping,leaving,their eldest daughter alone at home.,The couple went shopping.,As a result, they left their eldest daughter alone at home.,Time,permitting, I will meet you for lunch.,If,time permits, I will meet you for lunch.,Multiple choice:,1.,Where is my passport? I remember,it here.,You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _,it with you all the time.,A. to put,；,to take,B. putting,；,taking,C. putting,；,to take,D. to put,；,taking,2.After finishing his homework he went on_,a letter to his parents.,A. write,B. writing,C. wrote,D. to write,3.Only,English doesnt mean_,the language.,A. to learn,；,to learn,B. learning,；,learning,C. learning about,；,learn,D. learning about,；,learning,4.Would you mind,quiet for a moment? Im trying _a form.,A. keeping,；,filling out,B. to keep,；,to fill out,C. keeping,；,to fill out,D. to keep,；,filling out,5.,the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears.,A. After hearing,B. On hearing,C. While hearing,D. Having heard,6.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.,A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to be seen,7._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.,A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk,8.There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light.,A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed,9. It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.,A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned,10._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.,A. Not receiving B. Not to receive,C. Not having received D. Having not received,Thank you,
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