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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 2,Module 2Olympic Games,Stadium in Olympia,Greece.,The Stadium,Baron Pierre de Coubertin,The I.O.C.headquarters at Lausanne.,Baron,Pierre de Coubertin,founded the,International Olympic Committee,(IOC)in 1894.The IOC is the governing body of the,Olympic Movement,with the,Olympic Charter,defining its structure and authority.,Presidents of the IOC,Ancient and modern games,Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games,which,were held in Olympia,Greece,from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD.,Baron Pierre de Coubertin,founded the International Olympic Committee,(IOC),in,1894.,The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement,with the,Olympic Charter,defining its structure and authority.,Stamp of Greece 1896 Olympic Games,Olympic Torch,Olympic rings,Olympic symbols,The Olympic Movement uses symbols to represent the ideals embodied in the Olympic Charter.The Olympic symbol,better known as the Olympic rings,consists of five intertwined rings and represents the unity of the,five inhabited continents,(Africa,America,Asia,Oceania,Europe),.,The colored version of the ringsblue,yellow,black,green,and redover a white field forms the Olympic flag.,These colors were chosen because every nation had at least one of them on its national flag.,The flag was adopted in 1914 but flown for the first time only at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp,Belgium.It has since been hoisted during each celebration of the Games.,The opening ceremony in the Panathinaiko Stadium.,1896,A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.,Athletes gather in the stadium during the,closing ceremony,of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.,A medal ceremony,Medal presentation,At the 1921 Olympic Congress in Lausanne,it was decided to hold a winter version of the Olympic Games.A winter sports week(it was actually 11 days)was held in 1924 in Chamonix,France,in connection with the Paris Games held three months later;this event became the first Winter Olympic Games.,An ice hockey game during the 1928,Winter Olympics,at St.Moritz.,Parallel Olympics,In 1948,Sir Ludwig Guttmann,determined to promote the rehabitation of soldiers after World War II,organized a multi-sport event between several hospitals to coincide with the 1948 London Olympics.Guttmanns event,known then as the Stoke Mandeville Games,became an annual sports festival.Over the next twelve years,Guttmann and others continued their efforts to use sports as an avenue to healing.For the 1960 Olympic Games,in Rome,Guttmann brought 400 athletes to compete in the Parallel Olympics,which became known as the first Paralympics,.Since then,the Paralympics have been held in every Olympic year.Since the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul,South Korea,the host city for the Olympics has also played host to the Paralympics.45 In 2001 the International Olympic Committee(IOC)and the International Paralympic Committee(IPC)signed an agreement guaranteeing that host cities would be contracted to manage both the Olympic and Paralympic Games.4647,1964 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo.,The Youth Games,In 2010,the Olympic Games were complemented by the Youth Games,which give athletes between the ages of 14 and 18 the chance to compete.The Youth Olympic Games were conceived by IOC president Jacques Rogge in 2001 and approved during the 119th Congress of the IOC.4950 The first Summer Youth Games were held in Singapore from 1426 August 2010,while the inaugural Winter Games were hosted in Innsbruck,Austria,two years later.51,motto,Swifter,higher and stronger,Champions and medalists,The athletes or teams who place first,second,or third in each event receive medals.,The winners receive gold medals,which were,solid gold,until 1912,then made of,gilded silver,and now,gold-plated silver,.Every gold medal however must contain,at least six grams of pure gold,.,The runners-up,receive silver medals,T,he third-place,athletes are awarded bronze medals.,Amateurism and professionalism,After the 1988 Games,the IOC decided to make all professional athletes eligible for the Olympics,subject to the approval of the IFs.,136,Olympic spirit,The mission of,Olympic Spirit,is to build a peaceful and better world in the,Olympic Spirit,which requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship,solidarity and fair play,mascot,国际奥委会,在,奥林匹克宪章,中“,奥林匹克主义,的原则”条款中有这样一段话：“每一个人都应享有从事体育运动的可能性，而不受任何形式的歧视，并体现相互,理解,、,友谊,、,团结,和,公平竞争,的奥林匹克精神”。也称现代奥林匹克精神。,Criticism,Criticism,The IOC has often been criticized for being an intractable organization,with several members on the committee for life.The presidential terms of,Avery,Brundage,and,Juan Antonio Samaranch,were especially controversial.,Brundage,was president for over 20 years,and during his tenure he protected the Olympics from political involvement and the influence of advertising.,75,He was accused of both racism,for his handling of the,apartheid,issue with the,South African,delegation,and,antisemitism,.,76,Under the Samaranch
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