定语从句(经典ppt课件)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,定语从句精讲,（限制性定语从句）,Attributive clause,(,限制性定语从句,),先行词和关系词,定语从句,关系代词如何引导定语从句,关系代词的使用方法,定语从句中需注意事项,附加部分,习题,定语,可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、,分词,、,不定式,、,介词短语,等来担任，修饰名词。,(,以分词、介词短语为例）,例：,The girl,behind the tree,is Kate.,The man,driving too fast,was a drunk.,定语从句,在英语中，修饰,名词,或,代词,的,句子,叫定语从句。,例：,The girl,who is behind the tree,is Kate.,The man,who was driving too fast,was a drunk.,先行词和关系词,先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,。,关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词,。,先行词、关系词,/,引导词,对等,代替,That is the,bike,which,my father bought for me.,先行词,关系词,bike,关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。,关系代词如何引导定语从句,普通代词与关系代词的区别,I have a sister,.,She,works in Shanghai.,代替,sister,I have,a sister,who/that,works in Shanghai.,普通代词,：,只起代替的作用（如上例,she),关系代词,：,（如上例,who/which,）,1.,除了,代替,先行词外，,2.,它还在定语从句中,担任,一定的,成分,，,3.,同时,连接,先行词与它引导的定语从句。,（把主句和从句连起来）,说明如下,The building is our school.,+,The building stands by the river.=,The building,which/that,stands by the river is our school.,先行词,关系词 从句,which,、,that,是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词,the building,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。,The woman,that/who,is,speaking at the meeting,is,my mother.,(,主句,)The woman,is,my mother,(,从句,)The woman,is,speaking at the meeting,.,主语是单数,The women,that/who,are,speaking at the meeting,are,famous scientists.,(,主句,)The women,are,famous scientists.,(,从句,)The women,are,speaking at the meeting.,主语是复数,关系词,判 断 步 骤,:,首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用,who,that,whom,whose,。,如果先行词指物,关系词可能用,which,或,that,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,先行词,主格,宾格,所有格,人,who,that,who(m),that,whose,物,which,that,which,that,whose,of which,最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数,(,请看以上例句,),注意,定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。,.The woman,who/that,spoke,at the meeting yesterday,is,my mother.,(,主句,)The woman is my mother.(,叙述客观事实用一般现在时,),(,从句,)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.,(,句中,yesterday,表示过去时间,),定语从句的辨认（,思考步骤）,找出先行词,a.,确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。,b.,确定定语从句的位置,确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格,确定从句的时态（定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）,关系代词的使用方法,定语从句常用的关系代词有：,that,、,who(m),、,whose,、,which,等。,that,多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语,。,（,that/which,作宾语时可省,.,）,1)A plane is a,machine,that,can fly.,A plane is a,machine,which,can fly.,2)Who was hurt in the,accident,that,happened yesterday?,Who was hurt in the,accident,which,happened yesterday?,3)Have you found the,bike,that,you lost?,Have you found the,bike,which,you lost?,Have you found the,bike,省略,you lost?,2.which,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略,;,作宾语可以省略。,(which,与,that,指物时可以互相代替，,that,更常见。）,1)His father works in a,factory,that,makes TV sets.,His father works in a,factory,which,makes TV sets.,2)The,film,that,we saw,last night was very wonderful.,The,film,which,we saw,last night was very wonderful.,The,film,省略,we saw last night was very wonderful.,3.who,指人,(,既它的先行词必须是人,),在从句中作主语或宾语。但,whom,是宾格,只能作宾语。,(,that,有时也指人,.,代替,who,whom,可作主语或宾语,),1)The,girls,who werent,badly hurt in the accident,are,my,classmates.,The,girls,that werent,badly hurt in the accident,are,my,classmates.,2)He knew the,teacher,who,we met yesterday.,He knew the teacher,whom,we met yesterday.,He knew the teacher(,that),we met yesterday.,4.whose,是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。,I saw a,woman,.,Her bag,was stolen.,I saw a,woman,whose bag,was stolen.,Ill call a person.,His,father knows you.,Ill call a,person,whose father,knows you.,Please show me the,book,.,Its,cover is red.,Please show me the,book,whose cover,is red.,1)This is the,hero,(whom),we are proud of.,This is the hero,of whom,we are proud.,This is the hero,(that),we are proud of.,2)She is the,girl,whom,I went with there.,She is the girl,with,whom,I went there.,She is the girl,that,I went with there.,She is the girl,省略,I went with there.,注意,:,固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前,.,例如,:,look after,look at ,关系代词与介词,介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用,which,代物,和,whom,代人,。,(,介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略,),3)The,room,(that),I live in is very big.,The,room,(,which),I live in is very big.,The,room,in which,I live is very big.,The,room,where,I live is very big.,4).I want to find the,pen,(that),I wrote the letter with.,I want to find the,pen,(which,),I wrote the letter with.,I want to find the,pen,with which,I wrote the letter.,Here are the picture-books,that the children are looking for,.,Here are the picture-books,which the children are looking for,.,Here are the picture-books,the children are looking for.,定语从句中需注意事项,有些情况下只用关系词,that,而不宜用,which,1.,从句所修饰的词又被,形容词最高级,或,序数词,修饰时,只能用,that,引导从句,.,This is the most interesting story,(that),I have ever heard.,The first meeting,(that),we will take part in will be held in the,afternoon.,2.,先行词是,all,something,nothing,anything,不定代词,时,只能用,that.,Here is something,(that),I will tell you.,Not all,that,glitters is gold.,3.,先行词既有,人,也有,物,时,只能用,that,引出从句,I can remember well the persons and some pictures,(that),I see.,4.,先行词是,one of,the one,或用,little,few,no,all,any,作修饰，用,that,Is it the one,that,you want?,We havent got much,that,we can offer you.,5.,当,主句,已有,疑问词,who,或,which,时，关系词用,that,Which is the bike,that,you lost?,Who is the woman,that,was praised at the meeting?,从例句中看出，,who,、,that,在许多情况下可以,通用,，但,有时宜用,用,who,而,不用,that,1.,先行