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单击此处编辑母版文本样式,返回导航,第一编专题三完形填空,大二轮复习,英语,第一编,专题三完形填空,文体,1,记叙文,1,真题体验,2,技法例析,3,即时巩固,4,素能强化,真 题 体 验,(2018,全国,),During my second year at the city college,，,I was told that the education department was offering a,“,free,”,course,，,called Thinking Chess,，,for three credits. I,1.,_ the idea of taking the class because,，,after all,，,who doesnt want to,2.,_ a few dollars,？,More than that,，,Id always wanted to learn chess. And,，,even if I werent,3.,_ enough about free credits,，,news about our,4.,_ was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster,，,which,5.,_ I would be learning from one of the games,6.,_ . I could hardly wait to,7.,_ him.,B,C,A,D,D,C,B,Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,，,a former graduate returning to teach,，,and this,8.,_ was no game for him,；,he meant business. In his introduction,，,he made it,9.,_ that our credits would be hard,earned. In order to,10.,_ the class,，,among other criteria,，,we had to write a paper on how we plan to,11.,_ what we would learn in class to our future professions and,，,12.,_,，,to our lives. I managed to get an A in that,13.,_ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the,14.,_ .,D,C,B,C,A,C,B,Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,，,Im still putting to use what he,15.,_ me,：,“,The absolute most important,16.,_ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good,17.,_ . On every single move you have to,18.,_ a situation,，,process what your opponent (,对手,) is doing and,19.,_ the best move from among all your options.,”,These words still ring true today in my,20.,_ as a journalist.,文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过学习国际象棋学会了如何正确地做决定。,A,D,B,A,D,A,A,put forward,B,jumped at,C,tried outD,turned down,解析：,上下文语境题。根据上文中的,offering a,“,free,”,course,，,called Thinking Chess,，,for three credits,以及下文中的,Id always wanted to learn chess,可知，参加国际象棋课程是免费的并且可以获得三个学分，而且,“,我,”,一直想学国际象棋，由此可知,“,我,”,迫不及待地接受,(jump at),了这个主意。,put forward,提出；,try out,试验；,turn down,拒绝。,A,waste B,earn,C,saveD,pay,解析：,上文语境题。联系上文中的,a,“,free,”,course,可知，这是免费的课程，因此可以节省,(save),几美元。,A,excited B,worried,C,movedD,tired,解析：,下文语境题。联系下文中的,appealing enough to me,可知，即使免费获得学分这件事不足以让,“,我,”,兴奋,(excited),，也有其他事情对,“,我,”,有足够的吸引力。,A,title B,competitor,C,textbookD,instructor,解析：,下文语境题。联系下文,he was an international grandmaster(,他是一位国际象棋大师,),可知，国际象棋课程的导师,(instructor),足以吸引,“,我,”,。,title,标题；,competitor,对手；,textbook,课本。,A,urged B,demanded,C,heldD,meant,解析：,上下文语境题。国际象棋课程的导师是国际象棋大师，这就意味着,(mean),“,我,”,将跟随下国际象棋最好的人学习。,urge,强烈要求；,demand(,坚决,),要求；,hold,认为。,A,fastest B,easiest,C,bestD,rarest,解析：,上文语境题。联系上文中的,international grandmaster,可知，他是下国际象棋最好的,(best),人之一。,A,interview B,meet,C,challengeD,beat,解析：,上文语境题。联系上文可知，国际象棋课程的导师吸引着,“,我,”,，所以,“,我,”,迫不及待地想见到,(meet),他。,interview,采访，面试；,challenge,挑战；,beat,击败。,A,chance B,qualification,C,honorD,job,解析：,下文语境题。联系空后的,was no game for him,；,he meant business,可知，这项工作,(job),对他而言不是游戏，而是正经职业。,chance,机会；,qualification,资格；,honor,荣誉。,A,real B,perfect,C,clearD,possible,解析：,下文语境题。联系空后的,that our credits would be hard,earned,可知，他向我们明确表示,(make it clear that),这个学分很难获得。,解析：,下文语境题。联系下文,we had to write a paper,可知，为了通过,(pass),这门课程我们要写论文。,attend,参加；,skip,跳过；,observe,观察。,解析：,下文语境题。联系空后的,to our future professions,可知，我们的论文是关于我们打算如何将所学的东西应用,(apply),到未来的职业的。,apply. to.,将,应用到,，符合语境。,add. to.,向,添加,；,expose. to.,使,暴露在,；,compare. to.,把,比作,。,解析：,下文语境题。联系空后的,to our lives,可知，最终,(eventually),要应用到我们的生活中。,naturally,自然地；,directly,直接地；,normally,正常地。,解析：,上文语境题。联系空前的,I managed to get an A,可知，,“,我,”,在国际象棋课程,(course),上获得了,A,。,game,游戏；,presentation,报告；,experiment,实验。,解析：,上文语境题。联系空前的,life lessons that have served me well,可知，,“,我,”,从中学到了课堂,(classroom),之外的生活课程。,criterion,标准；,department,部门；,situation,状况。,解析：,下文语境题。分析语境可知，引号中的内容是导师说的话，也就是他教,(teach),“,我,”,的东西。,write,写；,question,询问；,promise,答应。,解析：,下文语境题。联系空后的,you learn when you play chess is how to make good _ (decisions),可知，这里是指学到的最重要的技能,(skill),。,解析,：,下文语境题。联系下文中的,the best move from among all your options,可知，这里指做出正确的决定,(decision),。,grade,分数；,impression,印象；,comment,评论。,解析：,下文语境题。联系空后的,a situation,，,process what your opponent is doing,可知，这里指分析,(analyze),形势。,describe,描述；,rebuild,重建；,control,控制。,解析：,下文语境题。联系空后的,the best move from among all your options,可知，要从你所有的选择中评估,(evaluate),出最好的一步。,announce,宣布；,signal,示意；,block,堵住。,解析：,下文语境题。联系空后的,as a journalist,可知，今天这些话对于,“,我,”,作为记者的角色,(role),仍然是真实有用的。,desire,渴望；,concern,担心；,behavior,举止。,记叙文型完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式。在记事型记叙文的完形填空中，作者在文章的第一句就已经把事件及其发生的时间、地点、人物交代清楚了，然后对这件事情的发生、发展进行陈述。通过对事件的叙述，反映出作者的某种思想，最后得出事件产生的结果。记叙文在高考中占了很大的比例。这些记叙文有人物故事、历史故事、励志故事等，作者入手的角度也是各有千秋，涉及社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康、当今社会科学的最新发展等方面，作为每年高考的一个主打体裁，命题人在选材上是绞尽了脑汁，但总体来讲它一般有以下两个特点：,名 师 点 津,1,情节曲折，信息量大，结尾往往出人意料。近几年高考完形填空往往在情节上有较大的曲折变化，并且结果出人意料，在文章的写作风格上作者不再是单纯地去叙述某个人、某件事，而是在叙述过程中把对人物的语言、行为、心理活动的描写也都融入了文章的叙述中，这样无疑就增加了考生理解的难度。因此，对于考生来说应理清故事发展的脉络，根据人物的语言、行为及心理活动等去了解作者的写作意图，对故事的发展和结局作出合理的想象和预测。,2,文章内容为中学生所关注和熟悉的话题，有亲切感，能引起学生的共鸣。近几年高考完形填空中有很多是反映人际关系、当今科学发展对人际关系的影响等的文章，这些是学生平时在生活中接触比较多的话题，因此对于学生来说容易接受，没有陌生感。,技 法 例 析,1,研读首句，抓住全文主旨,一般情况下，记叙文体裁的文章首句会交代,4,个,“,W,”,，即,when,，,where,，,who,，,what,，首句往往是整篇文章的引领句，概括了整篇文章的中心和写作意图。而且每段的首句通常具有承上启下的作用，是文章发展过程的重要线索。细读首句可以预测文章的主旨大意。,2017,年全国,I,卷首句,“,虽然高中不鼓励学生探索生活中的一些新领域，但是大学却为这种探索设置了阶段,”,，直接引出大学生活中对新领域的探索。,2016,年全国,卷首句,“,很多人只凭你桌上一个小小的装置,(,电话,),就有了对你的印象。,”,直接引出话题。记叙文中情节发展的走向始终体现文章的主题思想。对主旨大意的正确把握有助于考生对文章细节的正确理解，特别是对长难句的分析和突破，从而选择正确的答案。例如：,My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way,，,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said,，,”,Lost,my job. Family to Feed.,“,剖析：,从第一句可知，作者和孩子们周末去超市购物。人物、时间、地点都有介绍，让读者知道事件发生的大致情况，起到了引领全文的作用。,典 例,I turned around and saw a _ woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.,A,carefulB,serious,C,nervousD,pleasant,典例,1,解题模板,选项意思,A,careful,细心的；精心的,B,serious,严肃的；认真的,C,nervous,紧张的；不安的,D,pleasant,愉快的，友好的,信息来源,本句下文,关键词,with a big smile on her face,面带微笑,剖析：,D,根据下文的,with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip,可知，此处表示的是,“,一位友好的女士。,”,My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard. That first year,，,I,started,feeding peanuts to the blue jays,，,then the squirrels. The squirrels had no,problem,coming up right to me for them. As the months went by,，,the rabbits saw that I was no,threat,and didnt escape. When I threw carrot slices(,薄片,),，,they even came for a nibble (,啃,). Slowly they came to _,14,_ me,，,and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand.,A,trust B,miss,C,admireD,appreciate,典例,2,解题模板,选项意思,A,trust,信任；相信,B,miss,思念； 错过,C,admire,钦佩；欣赏,D,appreciate,感激；欣赏,信息来源,上文,关键词,came for a nibble,；,they were eating out of my hand,剖析：,A,上文说，看到,“,我,”,喂松鸡和构鼠，兔子们发现,“,我,”,对它们构不成,“,威胁,”,，所以也就不逃走了。再根据上一句中的,“,came for a nibble(,啃,),”,和空后的,“,they were eating out of my hand,”,可知，兔子们对,“,我,”,越来越,“,信任,”,了，所以选,trust,。,3,利用语境，辨析选项词义，注意复现词汇,完形填空的命题特点之一就是利用词汇辨析知识命题，而且这种考查形式占了题目的绝大部分，首先要准确把握词汇的意思和用法以及它们在不同语境中的变化。同时，利用好上下文重复出现的信息。这些信息有时候是原词复现，有时候是同义词复现、近义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及反义词用于否定句中等。例如：,Aunt Dede,，,a teacher,，,had read the book to her students,，,and they loved it.,Even,the youngest children in the class were _,45,_ by the story.,A,surprised B,annoyed,C,puzzledD,attracted,典 例,解题模板,选项意思,A,surprise,吃惊,B,annoy,烦恼,C,puzzle,迷惑,D,attract,吸引,信息来源,上文,关键词,loved,剖析：,D,根据上文的,“,loved,”,可知，此处选,attract,“,吸引,”,。,4,通过常识，作出合理推断,完形填空题所选的文章多为具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生的生活，涉及日常生活常识。考生在解题时，可以根据这些常识作出选择。例如：,Once fire and emergency people arrived,，,Larry and the other man,backed off,and let them go to work. Then,，,Larry asked the _,37,_ if he was needed or,free,to go. They let him and the other man go.,A,woman B,police,C,manD,driver,典 例,解题模板,选项意思,A,woman,妇女,B,police,警察,C,man,男人,D,driver,司机,信息来源,文章语境和常识,关键词,fire and emergency people,剖析：,B,根据生活常识，当急救人员到达后，其他临时救援的非专业人员当然要后退。,Larry,肯定是向警察询问。,5,体会情感，注意氛围和谐,作者对完形填空的文章赋予了一定的感情色彩。首先要理解作者说话的语气和文章的感情色彩，这种语气和色彩是和谐一致的，而且是贯穿全文的。做题时要融入故事中，把握人物的情感态度、人际关系以及文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表达的合理性等，读懂作者微妙的情感和态度，抓住像,luckily,，,however,，,therefore,，,even,，,still,等词语，要充分体会上下文语言的和谐性，理解文章的深层含义。例如：,When we handed him the bag of,food,，,he lit up and thanked us with _,53,_ eyes.,A,sleepy B,watery,C,curiousD,sharp,典 例,解题模板,选项意思,A,sleepy,困的,B,watery,湿润的，水汪汪的,C,curious,好奇的,D,sharp,尖锐的,信息来源,文章情感和氛围,关键词,lit up,；,thanked,剖析：,B,通过语境可以得知，当作者一家把那袋子食物递给乞讨的男子时，他非常高兴，眼含热泪感谢我们。全文讲述的是一个令人感动的故事，因此选,watery,。这里指眼里满含泪水。,
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