国际贸易第三章

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Chapter 3 International Cargo Transportation,Introduction,The transportation of goods,in international trade,is one of the most important steps.This is because in international trade where an exporter and an importer are always far apart,the goods under the contract have to go a long distance and sometimes changes several carriers in transit before they reach the importer.In international business,it is one of the basic tasks for the exporter to deliver the goods to the buyer or carrier or agreed conveyance after the contract has been signed,according to the stipulated time,and transport methods in the contract.,Methods of the Delivery,As to the methods of delivery in international practice,there are many methods to deliver the goods purchased,such as ocean transport,railway transport,air transport,river and lake transport,postal transport,road transport,pipelines transport,land bridge transport and international multimode transport and so on.The buyer and seller can decide which method will be the best for goods to be transported according for goods characteristics,quantity,transit journey,value,time,the natural conditions and so on.,1 Ocean Transport,Ocean transport is the most widely used form of transportations in international trade.It has the attraction of being a cheap mode of transport for delivering large quantities of goods over long distance.,So far as foreign trade is concerned,goods transport is mostly(over 80%of world trade in volume terms)done by ocean vessel.,1 Ocean Transport,1.The Characteristics of Ocean Transport,Easy Passage,Large Capacity,Low Cost,Good Adaptability,1 Ocean Transport,2.Ocean Transport,1)Liner transport,(1)Characteristics of Liner,A liner is a passenger or cargo vessel that operates over a regular rout according to an advertised time-table.,1 Ocean Transport,Fixed rout,ports,schedule and relatively fixed freight.,Loading and unloading charges included in freight.,Good service.,Simple procedures.,Ideal for cargo of small quantity.,Some Famous Shipping Companies,MAERSK SEALAND,马士基海陆有限公司,MSC,地中海航运公司,EVERGREEN,长荣海运股份有限公司,COSCO,中国远洋集装箱运输,有限公司（中外集运）,CSCL,中,海集装箱运输,股份有限公司（中,海,集运）,MAERSK SEALAND,MSC,EVERGREEN,COSCO,1 Ocean Transport,(2)Freight of Liners,Freight=Basic freight+Surcharges,The basic standards for calculating freight are stipulated as follows:,W,M,A.V.,W/M,W/M or A.V.,W/M plus A.V.,Per Unit;Per Head.,1 Ocean Transport,The main surcharges are shown as follows:,Heavy lift additional,超重附加费,Long length surcharge,超长附加费,Direct additional,直航附加费,Transshipment surcharge,转船附加费,Port congestion surcharge,港口拥挤费,Port surcharge,港口附加费,Deviation surcharge,绕航附加费,Bunker surcharge or bunker adjustment factor(BAF),燃料附加费,Ice surcharge,冷冻附加费,Cleaning tank surcharge,熏舱附加费,1 Ocean Transport,(3)Calculation of liner freight,Translate the English name of the commodity,find out the freight standard of calculating or the freight grade.,Find out the basic freight rate in the route freight tariff according to the grades and purpose sea route,then the relative surcharges for the suitable route and basic port.,The basic freight rate plus various additional surcharges is the freight per freight ton.,1 Ocean Transport,2)Charter transport,Shipping by chartering is also called tramp.A shipping by chartering is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or fixed schedule of sailing.It is first in one trade and then in another,always seeking those ports where a demand is at the moment for shipping space.,It falls into three kinds:voyage charter,time charter and demise charter.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,1.Ocean Bill of Lading,1)The concept of B/L,B/L is a document given by a shipping company,representing both a receipt for the goods shipped and contract for shipment between the shipping company and the shipper.It is also a document of title to the goods,giving the holder or the assignee the right of possession.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,2)The contents of B/L,(1)The contents on obverse side of B/L,(2)The content on reverse side of B/L,2 Ocean Transport Documents,3)The classification of B/L,(1)On board B/L and received for shipment B/L,A shipped on board B/L is evidence that the goods have been loaded on board a certain steamer.,According to general foreign trade practices,only the shipped on board B/L is accepted by banks for payment under a L/C.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(2)Clean B/L and unclean B/L,According to whether there are notes on the B/L,it falls into two kinds:clean B/L and unclean B/L.,A clean B/L shows that the goods have been shipped on board,in apparent good order and condition,and there is no modification of the ship-owner.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,Unclean B/L is generally marked“insufficiently packed”,“covers old and stained”,“wet by rain”,“packed in damaged condition”,“unclean”,“foul”,etc.There are many recurring types of such clauses including inadequate packaging,unprotected machi