四级听力长对话课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,四级听力长对话,1.,概述,四级考试改革后，听力考试的对话部分在以往单一短对话的基础上增加了长对话的内容。其中短对话部分由原来的,10,题减至,8,题；长对话有两篇，每篇题量在,3,至,4,题，一共,7,题；不过对话部分题目总数保持不变，还是,15,个。,新增的长对话持续时间约,6,分钟，说话者的语速约为,135,词,/,分钟。图表作文就是命题者要求考生看懂各类图表的基础上，把相关的数字统计、线条、曲线等中浓缩的信息转化成文字材料。,新增的长对话持续时间约,6,分钟，说话者的,语速约为,135,词,/,分钟,。该部分共,15,题，每题计,1,分，共,15,分。总的来说，题目的总量增加了，做题时间增加了，本身对学生是否能够长时间的集中听力注意力就增加了考验。,2.,题材,长对话作为四级听力改革后的新题型体现了命题组对于考试改革的诉求,强调在实际环境中的语言运用能力,。涉及到的对话场景内容非常广泛，从校园生活到生活中的各种场景。,学生可以通过抓住“信号词” 来判断具体场景,。,下面是对长对话经常涉及到的几种情况做了归类，主要分成三大类：,学习相关类,，,生活,相关类和,工作,相关类。,顾名思义，,学习相关类,与学习有密切联系，比如：选课，考试，论文等；,生活相关类,主要涉及到家庭，校院生活，娱乐，运动等；,生活相关,类多是找工作，面试等题材。下面列举几个常用典型场景的题型。,II.,学习相关类学习相关类往往是长对话的重点。内容粗略可分为教务场景，选课场景，补课场景和论文场景等。（,1,）教务场景场景人物：由教师（导师）或学监等教务人员向学生说明一些学校课程的安排情况。场景涉及内容：学期计划，调课信息，考试安排，课程介绍等。解题思路：教务人员总是细致地描述各项事务的细节问题，时间，地点，计划推迟或变更的原因往往是考查的重点。,经常出现的问题和答案,Q: Who is the speaker?A: teacher, professor, instructor, advisor,Q: When does the talk take place?A: at the beginning (in the middle, at the end of the semester),Q: Where does the talk take place?A: classroom, lecture hall,Q: What is the topic?A: changes in the schedule, the schedule of this semester, exam schedule, information about an course,常用的词汇和词组：,midterm, finals, count for 50% of your score, class discussion, seminar,（讨论会，研讨会）, workshop(,讲习班,), take attendance(,点名,), elementary, intermediate, advanced,等。,（,2,）选课场景场景人物：师生之间或学生之间谈论选课的话题场景涉及的内容：学生是否有资格选某一门课，对于老师的谈论，课程的难易程度，选某一门课的好处和坏处。解题思路：学生觉得课程太难，负荷太重。常用的词汇和词组：,required, compulsory,（强制的，义务的）, elective, selective, optional, course, description, catalog, bulletin,（公告，告示）, prerequisite course(,预修课程,), preliminary course(,预备课程,), such a heavy load, excellent reputation, drop a course (,退修课程,),等。,（,3,）补课场景场景人物：同学之间补课。场景涉及的内容：通常是某学生因为某些原因迟到或旷课了，事后找另一个同学补课，所以必会牵扯到专业内容。,常用的词汇和词组：,fill sb. in (,暂代某人,), Youve really lost me there(,你真的让我糊涂了,), make sense, miss a pretty important class, clarify the misunderstanding, check the notes,等。,（,4,）论文场景场景人物：教授与学生，或者学生之间进行讨论。场景涉及的内容：讨论论文写作的相关事宜，比如：论文题目，查找资料等等。解题思路：论文的题目难以确定，资料太难找（题目太偏，查不到资料；题目太大，要查的资料太多，太杂）。,常用的词汇和词组：,explore the topic,published resources, bibliography / reference, intellectual dishonesty, plagiarism(,剽窃,), get an early start, gather materials,等。,1,申请学校,apply for,申请,business degree,商学院学位,pay your own way,自己支付各种费用,2,选修课程,选好学校之后，就是选修课程了。一年选多少课程是一个合适的量呢？在大学英语四级里，往往女孩子会倾向多选课程，结果使自己非常疲惫。当她向男生抱怨的时候，男生就会像先知一样说“我早就和你说过不要选那么多课嘛。”,必备词汇表,semester,学期（美国英语）,biology,生物学,term,学期（英国英语）,registration,注册,course,课程,class,permit,听课证,optional course,选修课,literature,class,文学课,3,听课,professor,教授,briefing,简,报,lecturer,讲师,barely stay awake,几乎不能保持清醒,complicated,复杂,extra copies,多余的篇子,informative,信息量大,presentation,陈述，解释，示范,mission,任务，使命,4,演说,nervous,紧张的,contest,比赛,calm,平静的,contestant,参赛选手,a large audience,一大群观众,talk of the town,谈论的焦点,shaking all over,浑身发抖,not a big deal,不是什么大不了的事情,beyond me,超出我的理解范围,5,阅读,reading assignment,阅读任务,selectively,有选择地,chapter by chapter,一章一章地,theory,理论,read through,从头到尾地读,plot,情节,cover a few chapters,涉及了几个章节,intensively,精细地,character,人物角色,6,写文章,typing errors,打字错误,revise,修订,quality paper,好纸,get it published,出版,proofread,校对,paragraph,段落,7,考试,final exam,期末考试,fail,不及格，失败,mid-term,期中考试,results (pl,.,),分数,stay up,熬夜,release,发布（分数）,two sleepless nights,两天两夜没睡觉,be through with,结束，完成,III.,生活相关类包括体育场景，娱乐场景，租房场景等。（,1,）体育场景场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员一起出去郊游。场景涉及的内容：往往是一些热门的运动，如,cycling, rock climbing, skiing.,解题思路：目的不在于比赛，而是好玩，健身，交友。一些运动，如,cycling,，往往是以,team, club,或,association,的形式存在的。,常用的词汇和词组：,ski, boots, pole, outdoors, get in great shape, ensure the safety, first aid(,急救,), check the trails, physical education, belts, patience, mental discipline, expert riders, starting line, relay station,等。,（,2,）娱乐场景场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员。场景涉及的内容：包括郊游，参加运动，听音乐会，谈论玩的计划等。解题思路：一般说到娱乐，常见的项目有,go on a picnic, hiking trip,（远足）, camping trip, go to a concert, see a movie, play the ball, ski, traveling,等。,常见的词汇和词组：,enjoy, good day, take a break, relax, reserve a court(,预定一个球场,), a night-out, fair weather,等。,（,3,）租房场景场景人物：房东，住户场景涉及的内容：和房东的相处甚至讨价还价。对房子的评价，包括价格，地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的过程。解题思路：学生一般倾向于找价格低的房子，所以房子的条件一般比较差，经常会出一些毛病；由于房子紧张，找房子，租房子的过程往往很不容易。,常用的词汇和词组：,roommate, dormitory, deposit,（定金，首付）, live on, off campus, utilities,（公用事业）, heating costs, temporary accommodation, landlord, landlady, apartment, sublet,（转租，分租）, dishwasher,（洗碗机）, messy, a leaky faucet(,漏水的水龙头,), tenant,（房客，租户）, afford,等。,1,看戏,Global theatre,环球剧院,drama,戏剧,Grand theatre,大剧院,impressive,令人印象深刻的,too dramatic to be true,太假了,audience,观众,play the boss,扮演老板,out of the way,太远了,the greatest hit,大片,a long queue,长队,appreciate,欣赏,sold out,卖完了,2,体育活动,basketball season,篮球赛季,tennis,网球,camping,野营,badminton,羽毛球,jogging,慢跑,performance,表现,fishing,钓鱼,keep fit,保持健康,3,旅游,scenery,风景,Greek style,希腊风格,lawn,草地,museum,博物馆,column,柱子,statue,塑像,（四）购物,1,采购衣服,size,型号,come in all sizes,号全,2,采购电器,model,款,discount,折扣,latest technology,最新的科技,reduce,减少,（五）吃饭,1,评点餐馆,Italian restaurant,意大利餐馆,popular,受人喜爱的,environment,环境,crowded,拥挤的,2,饮食健康,on diet,节食,dessert,甜点,contain,含有,salad,沙拉,steak,牛排,（六）居住,1,电话询问租房信息,inquire about,询问,furnished,（公寓）带家具的,apartment,公寓（美国英语）,double-bedroom,两室的,flat,公寓（英国英语）,2,买房,brochure,册子,house developer,房产开发商,（七）交通,1,飞机,flight,航班,wait for further notice,等候进一步通知,gate,登机口,seat belt,安全带,minor mechanical errors,轻微的机械故障,terminal,候机大厅,sign,标志,2,小汽车,parking lot,停车场,maintain,保养,break down,抛锚,garage,修车场,scratches,刮蹭,highway,高速公路,single lane,单行道,No-parking sign,禁止停车标志,3,公交,bus stop,车站,passengers,乘客,crowded,拥挤的,4,火车,sleeper,卧铺,be supposed to,应该,view,景色,scenery,景色,（八）疾病,a cold,感冒,dizzy,头晕,a fever,发烧,exhausted,筋疲力尽的,have the ankle twisted,扭到脚踝,appetite,胃口,high blood pressure,高血压,blood vessel,血管,（九）天气,cloud over,天阴起来,sweat,出汗,clear up,天晴起来,swing,不稳定,极端,weather forecast,天气预报,coupled with strong wind,伴有强风,freezing,非常冷,IV.,工作相关类（,1,）应聘（面试）场景常景人物：聘方人员和应聘者。场景涉及的内容：对于某种工作的态度和评价，应聘该工作的条件，如何办理相关手续，工资待遇和工作环境，工作时间等。解题思路：应聘者介绍自己的情况，如：教育背景，特长等，聘方人员一般要介绍工作的性质，工资待遇以及上下班时间。常用的词汇和词组：,teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant, administrative assistant, waiter, waitress, nanny/babysitter,（保姆）, dishwashing,（洗洁精）, formalities,（正式手续）, application procedure, reference, salary, wage, demand physical endurance,precareer,training(,岗前培训,), permanent employment, stipend,（助学金）, bonus,（奖金）, part-time job,等。,（二）工作,1,面试,interview,面试,finance,金融,suit,西装,accounting,会计,tie,领带,brush up on,温习，复习,resume,简历,working experience,工作经历,hand in,上交,travel,出差,annual vacation,年假,2,收发邮件,email,邮件,attachment,附件,log in,登录,forward the mail to,把邮件转发给,log off,登出,3,开会和约会,appointment,约会,move on to,继续,confirm,确认,the next item,下一个议题,cancel,取消,presentation,陈述，解释，示范,come in ones place,代表某人来,replace,取代,on behalf of,代表,3.,解题技巧,1,提前浏览，有备而听,对于任何一种考试来说，题目本身其实也是线索，只要运用得当，势必获益非浅。所以，考试时在长对话录音开始之前要尽可能抽时间浏览所有选项，以便预测对话的主题和相关细节内容。当然，从录音材料看来，短对话和长对话之间几乎没有什么时间间隔，所以不能等到短对话结束时再来浏览长对话选项，而应在放,Section A,的,Directions,时就开始。为了顾全长短对话，考生可以先迅速浏览第一个短对话的选项，用以备听做题，而从第二个对话开始，每个短对话之间都有,15,妙左右的时间间隔，考生可利用这段时间来预读下一题的选项。当读完第一个短对话的选项后，考生应在,Directions,结束前，迅速浏览第一个长对话的所有选项，尽可能找出相关线索。根据样卷录音，,Section A,的,Directions,大约持续,50,妙的时间,，这足,可以让考生预读第一个短对话的选项和第一个长对话的所有选项。,2,分析选项，预测内容,选项的预读是对考生阅读能力的考核，,能不能在,40,妙左右的时间内看完第一个长对话后的,4,题,12,个选项将是制胜的关键因素之一,。这需要考生在考前经过专门的,快速阅读的训练,，并加以合理的应试技巧，方能临场奏效。,命题人设置选项的依据是自己所出的问题,因此每个选项都是有意义的。如果我们去掉选项的枝叶,提取它们的共同点,就会得到题目的大意,听时便会省力省时。例如,:,A) She doesnt really know where they originated.,B) She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.,C) They popped out of her childhood dreams.,D) They grew out of her long hours of thinking.,分析这四个选项,勾出每一项的主干,:S(,主语,),、,V(,谓语动词,),和,O(,宾语,),可以得到,:,选项,A) she, (,doesnt)know, where they originated,；选项,B) she , drew on, stories,；选项,C) they, popped out of, child-hood dreams,；选项,D) they, grew out of, thinking,。根据,theystories,和,dreams,或者,thinking,等可以感觉选项是关于,stories,的灵感来源。在听了对话内容和题目后,考生会发现问题与我们的猜测大体一致。,3.,听重点,抓关键,悟语气。,1. topic sentence,是关键。英文对话有个特点,总分结构,:,回答者总是先说,general idea,然后再讲,detail,或者,exact explanation,因此注意首句,抓,topic,将会减轻很多听力负担。例如,:,W: Thats more expensive than gold. Is it really worth that much?,M: Im sure it is. Industries depend on our government agency to monitor the accuracy of scales so that when they buy and sell their products there is one standard. Think of the drug industry .,Q: What does the man probably think about the cost of the new weight?,A) It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal.,B) It is difficult to judge the value of such an object.,C) It is reasonable for an object with such an important function.,D) It is too high for such a light weight.,此题选,C),。此段系节选,对话讲述记者电话采访官员,谈论购买新标准秤的意义,:,新标准秤由于选用材料质量更高,故购价不菲。但是截取的这段话中,有效信息就是一句很明白的话,Im sure it is(,我认为它值得,),。联系上下文,这句话很明显地表明了此段话的,general idea,紧接着进一步解释。抓住这句,topic sentence,就会很轻松地选出正确答案,C),。,.,key words,是重点。,key words,主要指,S(,主语,),、,O(,宾语,),和,V(,谓语动词,),抓住它们,是对付长句和结构复杂句的有效方法,有助于我们了解细节。例如,:,W: But if the astronomers didnt see the planets through a telescope, how did they find them?,M: By a very indirect method. Umm, the astronomers measured subtle distortions in the frequency of the light from the parent stars and observed that some of the stars seem to rock back and forth. They determined that this is caused by the gravitational pull from orbiting planets.,Q: How did scientists establish the existence of the planets?,A) They studied variations in the appearance of the parent stars.,B) They were able to see the planets with a telescope.,C) They compared the parent stars to the Sun.,D) They sent astronauts on a mission into space.,此段为节选,讲述天文学家确定太阳系外行星的方法。分析,. the astronomers measured subtle distortions in the frequency of the light from the parent stars and observed that some of the stars seem to rock back and forth.,这个句子发现,key words,为,the astronomers,、,measured,、,subtle distortions,、,observed,和,some of the stars,。考生便可猜测出与选项,A),中,variations,有关的选项。故选,A),。,3.,speaker,的语气是提示,。,speaker,的升降调可谓弦外之音,表达了某种情感,或,surprised,excited,或,sad,。通过这些,我们可以更好地把握一些关于,imply,和,infer,的问题。例如,:,M: That was pretty realistic, but then the rest of the movie just went from bad to worse. And the photography was so terrible!,W: How do you know? You were asleep most of the time. So I dont think you are in a position to judge the photography! It wasnt that bad.,Q: Which word may describe the womans attitude toward the photography?,A) Absurd.,B) Fantastic.,C) Exciting.,D) Boring.,听时注意,技巧一：,话题与场景的判断,第一句话,的核心词汇揭示答案。,长对话的第一题很可能就会针对对话的第一句话提问，涉及整个对话的主题。,技巧二：,问答中的细节听到什么选什么。,长对话中正确选项一般都是对话中原词再现，较少用同音，音近词作干扰项,。简而言之，在长对话中，包含实际意义的问答内容（尤其是特殊疑问句）往往是细节题的考查点。答题的基本原则就是听到什么选什么。,技巧三：,根据,结尾处的核心词,锁定答案。,一般说来，对话结尾处的建议句型是考查要点。对于这种建议题，解题的关键在于抓住建议句型中的谓语动词。,强调长对话听力的线索把握,一个访谈类的节目，听力的线索在于,woman speaker,的提问,.,把握访谈类对话听力的线索以及长对话开头、结尾和中间出题的规律,长对话话题转折处必出考题,，准确把握“转折点”才不会在考场上,lose yourself,问题形式,长对话还有以下的问题形式：,What are they talking about?,What the main topic/idea of the conversation?,此类题目在问长对话的主旨。考生需要注意，,长对话的主旨一般在对话的前六句基本明朗，所以此时即可出手开始选择答案。,注意对话人对于话题的态度,当,否定句，疑问句,出现的时候，往往是对话人态度趋于明朗的时候。另外语调的变化对于解题也很重要。尤其是升调的句子。,重复率较高的词或短语,多成为考点,对话的主要内容理所当然会得到说话人的强调,而一个非常重要且明显的强调方式就是重复,故重复的词语往往能够揭示对话的主题。,