高三英语-阅读理解之词义猜测课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,高三年级英语学科,课题：阅读理解之词义猜测,高三年级英语学科课题：阅读理解之词义猜测,2020,高考英语阅读理解,之,词义猜测题策略与技巧,Strategies and Techniques for Guessing the Meanings of Words or Phrases While Reading,2020高考英语阅读理解Strategies and Tec,高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,:,要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：,1.,理解主旨要义；,2.,理解文中具体信息；,3.,根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；,4.,做出判读和推理；,5.,理解文章的基本结构,6.,理解作者的意图、观点和态度,。,高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求:要求考生读懂书、,2019,年,2018,年,2017,年,全国卷,I,1,单词,stumble,1,单词,dominant,2,代词,that,；,短语,the water catcher,全国卷,II,2,代词,I,短语,tug at the heartstrings,1,单词,juicer,2,代词,that,；,句子,the table are turned.,全国卷,III,1,短语,taking on,1,句子,More is more,1,单词,displaced,2017-2019,高考全国卷阅读,理解词义猜测题考查一览表,词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。,2019年2018年2017年全国卷I1 1 2全国,1.,根据逻辑关系（同义或近义关系等），解释说明（下定义，定语从句等），构词法（合成，派生等），文化常识等方法进行猜测词义。,2.,能够把握代词指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义，抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系，进而推断代词的指代内容。,3.,能够对原句进行语法或语义上的准确分析，结合原文意义对划线句子做出合理的推理和判断，从而来进行句意猜测。,学习目标（,learning aims,）,:,1.根据逻辑关系（同义或近义关系等），解释说明（下定义，定语,一、逻辑关系猜词义,1,同义或近义关系,2,反义关系,3,因果关系,Logical Relation,一、逻辑关系猜词义1同义或近义关系2反义关系3因果关系Log,1,同义或近义关系,猜一猜,1.Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly,loquacious,.,对点真题：,2.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive,the tables are turned,.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.,（,2017.,全国卷,.D),The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.,C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.,利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知生词的意思。常见信号词：,and,or,also,as as,，,just as,similarly,等,健谈的,1同义或近义关系猜一猜利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短,2,反义关系,利用表,对比,或,转折,的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见信号词,/,词组有,：,but,，,yet,，,despite,however,，,while,，,on the other hand,，,on the contrary,，,in contrast,，,instead,等,1.Andrew is one of the most,supercilious,men I know.His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.,2.I tried hard not to make serious mistakes,but I,slipped up.,猜一猜：,傲慢的；高傲的,出差错，疏忽,2反义关系利用表对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词,因果关系,3,利用因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语：,since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,owing to,thanks to,on account of,result in,accordingly,sothat,等。,对点真题：,One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but youll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so its,a pipe dream,for most apple lovers who fall for it.,A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope,C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire,原因,因果关系3 利用因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语：s,二、解释说明法,（,Explanation,）,1,下定义,2,定语从句,3,同位语,4,举例,5,标点符号,二、解释说明法（Explanation）1下定义2定语从句,2,定语从句,3,同位语,下定义：,is,mean,refer to,namely,等后的内容是对前面解释说明,或由,that is(to say),in other words,，,to put it another way,引出,一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词,定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴,同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明,1.,Pantomime,refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.,2.He was a,prestidigitator,who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.,3.,Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.,1,下定义,猜一猜：,哑剧,语义学,变戏法的人,2定语从句3同位语下定义：is,mean,refer,4,举例,关注,such as,，,for example,，,for instance,可以通过所举事例推知前面内容,!,all have caused many languages to disappear,and,dominant,languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over,.,(2018,全国卷,C),A.,c,omplex.B.advanced.,C.powerful.D.modern,对点真题：,4举例关注such as，for example，for,5,标点符号,冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号，可表示解释说明。,1.You may borrow from the library any,periodicals,:News Weekly,Readers Digest,The New Yorkers.,2.We are on,the night shift,from midnight to 7 a.m.,猜一猜：,期刊,夜班,5标点符号冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号，可表示解释说明。1.,三、构词法,(formation),1,合成法,2,派生法,3,转化法,（考点熟词生意）,三、构词法(formation)1合成法2派生法3转化法,合成法：指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词。,猜一猜：,ill-treat_ single-handed _ new-born_ color-blind_,对点真题：,Encouraging this kind of thinking has a,downside.,I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But Im just not creative.”,1,合成法,A.mistake B.drawback C.difficulty D.burden,虐待,独自,色盲的,新生的,down+side,合成法：指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组,2,派生法,常见的前缀有,：,in/im-:,incorrect,impossible,mini-:,miniskirt,minibus,re-:,rewrite,reuse,reconsider,dis-:,disagree,dislike,disappear,mis-:,misunderstand,mislead,fore-:,foretell,forecast,over-:,overwork,overcoat,overuse,ant/anti-:antibiotics,anti-Japanese,mal-:maltreat,malnutrition,ab-:abnormal,abuse,sub-subconscious,subtitle,通过在词根上添加前缀或后缀构造新词。一般讲前缀改变词义不变词性，后缀改变词性不变词义。,后缀有,：,-er teacher,worker,container,-or visitor,sailor,instructor,-tion education,satisfaction,-ment development,movement,-ion action,solution,conclusion,-ous dangerous,humorous,-ful helpful,，,careful,-able comfortable,acceptable,2派生法常见的前缀有：通过在词根上添加前缀或后缀,3,转化法,（考点熟词生意）,转化法：把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变。高考中常考熟词生意,同学们注意积累，做题时也要结合语境进行检查。,1.Dont let your personal feelings,cloud,your judgment.,2.He,wolfed down,three bowls of rice.,猜一猜：,模糊,狼吞虎咽,3转化法（考点熟词生意）转化法：把一种词性用作,四、生活常识和文化背景（,Common sense,）,Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume