第二部分 第八讲 情态动词

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,1.can,和,could,的用法。,(1),表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。,How could you do such a silly thing?,你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？,(2)cannot.too/enough,表示,“,无论,也不过分；,越,越好,”,。,You cant be too careful while driving.,开车时越小心越好。,2,may,和,might,的用法。,(1)may,和,might,表示,“,许可,”,，,“,可能性,”,，,“,祝愿,”,等意义。,在给予别人许可时，常用,can,，但有时也用,may,。一般不用,might,。,May I play basketball this afternoon?,今天下午我可以打篮球吗？,No,，,you may not.,不，不行。,“may/might as well,动词原形,”,意为,“,最好，倒不如,”,。,For environmental reasons,，,we may as well take these waste products and have them recycled.,因为环境原因，我们最好把这些废弃产品收起来并回收利用。,(2)may,作,“,可以,”,讲时，其疑问句的否定回答常用,“,mustnt/cant”,表示,“,禁止,”,；,must,作,“,必须,”,讲时，其疑问句的否定回答用,“,neednt”,，表示,“,不必,”,。,May I use your car,？我可以用你的车吗？,No,，,you mustnt.,不，不可以。,(,委婉的拒绝可用：,Sorry,，,but I am using it now.,或,Youd better not.,等,),Must I work out the problem tonight?,我今晚必须解决这个问题吗？,No,，,you neednt.,不，你不必。,3,must,的用法。,(1),表示禁止,(,用于否定句,),。,“,You mustnt smoke in the bedroom,，,”,Rose said to her husband and pushed him out of the room.,Rose,对她的丈夫说：,“,你决不能在卧室里吸烟,”,，并把他推出了卧室。,(2),表示,“,偏执,”,，,“,固执,”,。,Could I have a word with you,，,Mum,？,(,浙江高考,),妈妈，我能和你谈谈吗？,Oh dear,，,if you must.,好吧，亲爱的，如果你偏要谈的话。,Must you make so much noise?,你非得弄出这么大的声吗？,4,shall,的用法。,(1),用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方,的意见和向对方请示。,Shall we begin our class,？我们可以开始上课吗？,Shall the driver wait outside,？司机在外边等着可以吗？,(2),用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的,命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.,我许诺给他一件生日礼物。,You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.,假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。,5,will,和,would,的用法。,作情态动词的,will,，,would,与作助动词的,will,，,would,的各种形式相同。,(1),表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心,等。,would,用于过去的情况。,John promised his doctor he would not smoke,，,and he has never smoked ever since.(,北京高考,),约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了，自从那时起他就再也不吸烟了。,I have told him again and again to stop smoking,，,but he will not listen.,我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。,(2)will,可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有,“,总是,”,或,“,总要,”,之意。,Every morning he will have a walk along this river.,每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。,(3)would,可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比,used to,正式，,但没有,“,现已无此习惯,”,的含义。,Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us,stories in English after class.,去年我们的英语老师常常课后给我们讲英语故事。,1,(,湖北高考,)He believes that children_(,应允许,学习,)at their own pace.(allow),解析：,考查情态动词,should/ought to,的用法。根据句意，该处用情态动词的被动语态。,答案：,should/ought to be allowed to learn,2,(,湖北高考,)Only if people of all the countries are united,_(,我们才能解决,)the existing problems in the world.(solve),答案：,can we solve/will we be able to solve,表示对目前或将来情况的推测往往用,“,情态动词动词原形,”,这种结构。,1,can,用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为,“,有时,会,”,；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为,“,可能,”,，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，,cant,意为,“,不可能,”,，语气很强烈。,It is usually warm in my hometown in March,，,but it can be rather cold sometimes.(,福建高考,),我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。,Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?,布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？,He cant be in the classroom,，,for the light has been turned off.,他一定不在教室里，因为灯已关了。,2,may,用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为,“,可能,”,；,用于否定句中也可以表示推测，,may not,意为,“,可能不,”,，表示一种不太确定的语气。,may,在疑问句中一般不表示推测。,Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy,；,they may just be quiet people.(2009,安徽高考,),言语不多的人未必就是害羞。他们或许就是安静的人。,3,must,表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为,“,一定，必定,”,，表示十分肯定的语气,(,在疑问句中或否定句中要用,can),。,He must be ill.He looks so pale.,他准是病了，他的脸色苍白。,Its the office,！,So you must know eating is not allowed here.(2009,湖南高考,),这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。,Oh,，,sorry.,噢，对不起。,4,should,用来表示推测时意为,“,应该,”,，即含有,“,按道理,来说应当如此,”,的意思。,There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.,因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。,5,表示对现在正在发生的事情进行推测要用,“,情态动词,be,现在分词,”,这种结构。,My mother must be watering the flowers in the garden now.,现在我母亲一定正在花园里浇花。,The students may be climbing the mountain at the moment.,此刻学生们有可能正在爬山。,1,(2011,黄冈模拟,)Mike _(,肯定不,在打扫,)the classroom now.I saw him playing basketball on the playground a moment ago.(clean),答案：,cant be cleaning,2,(2011,武汉市部分重点中学联考,)Where is Tony?,He _(,肯定在做,)his homework in the room.(must),答案：,must be doing,表示对过去发生的情况或存在的状态的推测、责怪、后悔、遗憾等常用,“,情态动词,have,过去分词,”,这种结构。,1,can/could have done,表示,“,本来可以做，而实际上未做,”,或者,“,过去可能,”,，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中,cant have done,多用于语气强烈的否定，意为,“,不可能做过,”,。,She cant have left school,，,for her bike is still here.(,天津高考,),她一定没离开学校，因为她的自行车还在这儿。,The accident could have been avoided.,这场事故本来是可以避免的。,2,may/might have done,表示对过去行为的推测，意为,“,可能做过,”,。,might,所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外,might have done,可表示,“,本可能做而实际上未做,”,。,Sorry,，,Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.,对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。,3,must have done,表示对过去行为的推测，意为,“,一定，,想必,”,，语气十分肯定。,He must have completed his work,；,otherwise,，,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.,他一定是已经完成工作了，否则他不会在海边玩得那么高兴了。,4,should have done,表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上,却没有做；,shouldnt have done,表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。,Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.,我现在觉得肚子疼，我刚才真不应该吃那么多的炸鸡的。,5,ought to have done,表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上,却没有做；,ought not to have done,表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法与,should,相同，也往往含有责备的