(钩端螺旋体病)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Respiratory Symptoms,Zhao Li, M.D.,Common symptoms,Cough,Expectoration,Hemoptysis,Chest pain,Cyanosis,Dyspnea,Cough,(,a protective reflex,):,causes,Respiratory diseases_,the most common causes,Airway agents,Bronchitis,bronchiectasis, asthma,endobronchial,tuberculosis, tumor,pharyngitis,Lung agents,Infection, edema, fibrosis, tumor,Pleural agents,Pleurisy,pneumothorax,mesothelioma,of pleura,Cough,(,a protective reflex,):,causes,Cardiovascular diseases,Cardiogenesis,edema, pulmonary embolism,Central nervous system agents,Initiative cough, encephalitis, meningitis,Cough :,manifestations,Characteristics,Dry cough (non-sputum),Productive cough (sputum: infectious, edema),Attack,Time (morning, midnight, early morning),Season (spring, summer, fall and/or winter),Motivation (fume inhalation, exertion),Tone,Hoarseness,High pitch,Weak,Brassy,Cough:,accompany signs,Fever (infection),Chest pain (infection, tumor, pleurisy,pneumothorax,pulmo,embolism),Dyspnea,Hemoptysis,(,bronchietasis, tuberculosis, tumor),Bulk pus sputum (,bronchietasis, lung abscess),Wheezing (asthma, foreign body),Clubbing fingers (,bronchietasis, lung cancer, chronic lung abscess),Sputum:,amount,Bulk frothy sputum,Pulmo,edema,Bulk,serofluid,sputum,Alveolar cell carcinoma,Bulk pus sputum,Bronchiectasis,Lung abscess,Layering,upper: frothy,middle:,mucoid,or,mucopus,lower: necrosis substance,Sputum:,consistency,Mucoid,sputum,Bronchitis (without bacterial infection),Asthma,Early stage of pneumonia,Serofluid,sputum,Pulmo,edema,Pus sputum,Any bacterial infection,Bloody sputum,Sputum:,color,White,mucoid,or,serofluid,sputum,Yellow,general bacterial infection,Green,aeruginosus,Bacillus infection,Grey or black,dust inhalation,Rusty,Lobar pneumonia,Pink,cardiac edema,Red,hemoptysis,Grey or black,Sputum:,foul odor,anaerobic bacterium infection,Hemoptysis,Bleeding from lower respiratory tract,The amount varies from blood-strained sputum to several hundreds ml pure blood,Mild: 100ml/d,Moderate: 100-500/d,Severe:,500 ml/d, or 100-500 ml/time,Differential diagnosis,Bleeding from upper respiratory tract,Hematemesis,Distinguished,hemoptysis,from,hematemesis,Hemoptysis,Hematemesis,Causes,Pulmo,or cardiac,digestive system,Previous symptoms,Cough, chest tightness,Nausea, vomiting,Spit up,Cough up,Vomited,Color,Bright red,Dark red,Mixture,Sputum, frothy,Gastric contents,pH,alkality,acidity,Tarry stools,-,or +,+,Post-bleeding,Sputum with blood,No sputum,Hemoptysis,:,causes,Bronchial disorders,Bronchiectasis,Bronchogenic,carcinoma,endobronchial,TB,Chronic bronchitis,Pulmo,Disorders,Pulmo,TB,Peumonia,Lung abscess,Pulmo,embolism,Hemoptysis,:,causes,Cardiovascular disorders,Acute left heart failure,Mitral,stenosis,Others,Hematologic,disease,leptospirosis,（钩端螺旋体病），,epidemic hemorrhagic fever,，,endometriosis,（子宫内膜异位症）,Hemoptysis,:,accompany signs,Fever,Infection or carcinoma,Chest pain,Infection,，,Pulmo,Embolism,，,Carcinoma,Pus sputum,Bronchiectasis,，,Lung abscess,Clubbing fingers,Bronchiectasis,，,Lung abscess,，,Carcinoma,Hemorrhagic spots,Hematologic,disease,leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever,Chest pain:,causes,Chest wall,herpes zoster, rib fracture,Cardiovascular,angina pectoris, myocardial infarction,pericarditis, dissecting aneurysm,（,夹层动脉瘤）,Respiratory,Pleural disorders,pneumothorax, carcinoma,Mediastinal,Mediastinitis,mediastinal,emphysema,mediastinal,tumor,Others,esophageal carcinoma, liver abscess,subdiaphragmatic,abscess,hiatal,hernia,（,食道裂孔疝）,Chest pain:,characteristics,location,Referred pain,feature,Burning pain, pressing pain, bursting pain, pricking pain,Duration,Influential factors,Exertional, respiration,foodintake, administration,Chest pain:,accompany signs,Cough, sputum and/or fever,Respiratory disease,Dyspnea,Severe pneumonia,pneumothorax, pleurisy,pulmo,embolism,Hemoptysis,Carcinoma,pulmo,embolism,Shock,myocardial infarction, dissecting aneurysm (rupture ), large area,pulmo,embolism,Dysphagia,(,吞咽困难,),Esophageal disease,Cyanosis,An excess of,desaturated,hemoglobin causes a blue coloration of the skin or,mucosae,.,methemoglobinemia,(,高铁血红蛋白血症）,Poisoning by nitrite,Cyanosis:,classification,Central (warm),Deficient oxygenation,Right-to-left shunt,Peripheral (cold),Reduced cardiac output,Local vasoconstriction,Mixed,Heart failure,Cyanosis:,accompany signs,Dyspnea,Severe cardiac or respiratory disorder,Clubbing fingers,Congenital heart disease,Chronic respiratory disease,Unconsciousness,Poisoning, shock, Severe cardiac or respiratory disorder,Dyspnea,:,causes,Respiratory system,Obstruction:,asthma, COPD, tumor,Pulmo,Diseases:,pneumonia, interstitial lung disease,Chest wall or pleura:,pleurisy,pneumothorax, trauma,neuro,-muscles:,poliomyelitis (,脊髓灰质炎,), myasthenia gravis (,重症肌无力,),Diaphragma,movement disorder:,obviously elevated pressure in abdominal cavity,Dyspnea,:,causes,Cardiovascular system,Heart failure,Pulmo,embolism,Poisoning,ketoacidosis,Central nervous system,cerebral tumor , trauma, abscess, hemorrhage, encephalitis, meningitis,hematological system,Severe anemia,Respiratory,Dyspnea,Inspiratory,dyspnea,_obstruction in large airway,Three depression sign,depression in,suprasternal,fossa,supraclavicular,fossa,intercostal,space,Expiratory,dyspnea,_obstruction,in small airway or alveolar elasticity decreased,Prolonged expiratory time,Expiratory,rhonchi,Mixed,dyspnea,_deficient,gas exchange,Respiratory rate increased,Shallow breathing,Cardiac,dyspnea,_,Heart failure,Mechanism of left heart failure,Pulmo,edema diffusion capacity decreased,Alveolar tension increased stimulating stretch receptor excitation of,vagus,nerve excitation of respiratory center,Alveolar elasticity decreased vital capacity decreased,Increased pressure of,pulmo,circulation stimulating respiratory center,Features of left heart failure,Underlying diseases,Mixed,dyspnea,Position related,dyspnea,Moist crackles or,rhonchi,in,both lungs,Relief of symptoms after digitalis, diuretic, vasodilator agent used,Nocturnal paroxysmal,dyspnea,Characteristics,Awoken due to chest tightness or,dyspnea,Forced sitting position or,orthopnea,Severe sweat,Tachycardia,Moist crackles or,rhonchi,in both lungs,Pink frothy sputum,Nocturnal paroxysmal,dyspnea,Mechanism,Elevated excitation of,vagus,nerve,Contraction of coronary artery myocardium ischemia,Contraction of bronchiole decreased alveolar ventilation,Vital capacity decreased in supine position,Returned blood volume increased,pulmo,edema,Sensitivity of respiratory center decreased,reaction after obvious hypoxia,Poisoning,dyspnea,Underlying diseases of metabolic acidosis (,uremia, diabetic,ketoacidosis,),deep breathing (,Kussmaul,breathing,),Dyspnea,:,accompany signs (1),Rhonchi,Asthma,Acute left heart failure (cardiac asthma),Foreign body in large airway,Acute laryngeal edema,Chest pain,Infection,Pneumothorax,Pulmo,embolism,Lung cancer,Acute myocardial infarct,Dyspnea,:,accompany signs (2),Fever,Infection,Cough and sputum,COPD,Infection,Left heart failure,Unconsciousness,CNS disorder,Uremia,diabetic,ketoacidosis,Clubbing finger,