英语时态讲解课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,种类,现在时态,过去时态,将来时态,过去将来时态,would do,一般现在时态,do,现在完成时态,havehas done,现在进行时态,isare doing,一般过去时态,did,过去完成时态,had done,过去进行时态,waswere doing,一般将来时态,will do,一般现在时态,1,、 用法,：,经常性的和习惯性的动作,常用时间状语,：,usually, sometimes, in spring,every day, in the morning,等,2,、动词构成,：,动词原型,. work,动词,+S.,（主语是第三人称单数）,works,否定构成,：,dont+,动原,doesnt+,动原,3,、 一般疑问构成及简答,：,Do+,主语,+,动原,+,其它？,Yes,I,do. Does+,主语,+,动原,+,其它,？,No,he,doesnt.,特殊疑问举例,：,What do you often do on Sundays? Where does he live?,注意,：,客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时,规则,动词原形,第三人称单数形式,一般在动词尾加,-s,help,swim,help,s,swim,s,以字母,s, x,sh,ch,结尾的动词加,-,es,，以,o,结尾的加,-,es,guess,fix,go,guess,es,fix,es,go,es,以辅音字母,y,加结尾的动词，先变,y,为,i,，再加,es,fly,study,fl,ies,stud,ies,动词的第三人称单数形式,现在进行时态,动词构成：,isare doing,用法：,1,、表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或,发生的动作。例如：,The students are listening to the teacher.,He is watching TV now.,2,、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正,在进行的动作。例如：,I am writing a book this monththese days.,规则,动词原形,-,ing,形式,一般在动词原形末尾加,-,ing,go, look,go,ing, look,ing,以不发音字母,e,结尾的动词，去掉,e,再加,-,ing,write, take,writ,ing, tak,ing,以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加,-,ing,get, sit, put, run, begin,get,ting, sit,ting, run,ning, begin,ning,现在完成时,1现在完成时的构成：,助动词,have (has) +,动词的过去分词（,done),2现在完成时的用法：,（1）,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词,just，already, before, yet, never, ever,等状语连用。例如：,I have,never,heard of that,before,., Have you,ever,ridden a horse?, She has,already,finished the work., Have you milked the cow,yet,? Yes, I have done that,already,.,（2）,现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：,for,和,since，,以及,so far, now, today, this week(month, year),等。,I havent seen her,these days,., She has learnt English,for 3 years,., They have lived here,since 1990,., What has happened to the USA,in the last 350 years,?,注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如,come, go, die, marry, buy,等的完成时不能与,for, since,等表示一段时间的短语连用。,延续动词与瞬间动词,1) 用于完成时的区别：,延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。,He has completed the work.,他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果),Ive known him since then.,我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历),2) 用于,till / until,从句的差异：,延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做直到” ；瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到，才”。,He didnt come back until ten oclock.,他到10 点才回来。,He slept until ten oclock.,他一直睡到10点。,（3）现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，例如：,Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.,If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park.,（4） have been (to),和,have gone (to),的区别：,have / has been (to),表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。,have / has gone (to),表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。,试比较：,He has been to Beijing.,他曾去过北京。,（人已回来，可能在这儿）,He has gone to Beijing.,他已经去了北京。,（人已走，不在这儿）。,典型例题：,1.,You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.,A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet,答案,B,；,首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，,several times,告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。,2. -,Im sorry to keep you waiting.,- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.,A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be,答案,A,；,等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。,一般过去时态,用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作,常用时间状语：,yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 2000,at that time, before liberation,，,when,等引导的含 过去时的句子。,动词构成：动词过去时（,-,ed,）,worked/used to work,否定构成：,didnt+,动原,didnt work used,not(didnt,use) to work,一般疑问构成及简答举例：,Did+,主语,+,动原,+,其它？,特殊疑问句举例：,What did he do yesterday?,When did he get up this morning,?,构成规则,原形,过去式,一般在动词原形末尾加,-,ed,look,play,look,ed,play,ed,以字母,e,结尾的动词,-d,hope,hope,d,末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加,-,ed,stop,plan,trip,stop,ped,plan,ned,trip,ped,结尾是“辅音字母,+y”,的动词，变,y,为,i,再加,-,ed,study,carry,stud,ied,carr,ied,用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作,常用时间状语：,at this time yesterday,at that time,at ten oclock yesterday,或,when,引导的从句,动词构成：,was/were+,现在分词,(-,ing,),以,work,为例：,was/were working,否定构成：,was/were not+,现在分词,一般疑问构成及简答举例,: Was/Were+,主语,+,现在分词,+,其它？,Yes,I was. No,I wasnt.,特殊疑问句举例：,What were you dong this time yesterday?,Where was he standing when the teacher came in?,过去进行时态,1、概念：表示过去的过去。,-|-|-|-,那时以前 那时 现在,其结构是：,had +,过去分词,2、过去完成时的用法：,（1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用,by, before, until, when,等词引导的时间状语。,By the end of last year we had built five new houses.,I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.,过去完成时态,（2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。,Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.,（,3,）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。,When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.,一般将来时态,用法：将来会出现或发生的动作,常用时间状语：,this,evening,tomorrow,next,month,in a few,minutes,at,the end of this term,动词构成,: 1.will/shall+,动原,2.am/is/are going to+,动词原型,3.am/is/are(about)+,动词不定式,4.am/is/are+coming,等现在分词,以,work,为例,:will/shall work am/is/are going to work am/is/,are(about,) to work am/is/are coming/leaving,否定构成：,will/shall not am/is/are not,特殊疑问句举例,: What will you do tomorrow? When are we going to have a class,meeting?,备注：,在,if,条件或,as soon as,等时间状语从句中用一般现 在时代替一般将来时。,时间,现在,过去,那时所预见的情况,一、基本概念：,过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时，从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。,1),He said his mother would buy a bike for him,2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more.,过去将来时态,二、基本形式：,wouldshould,动词原形,（其中,would,用于各种人称，,should,常用于第一人称）。,例如：,They were sure they would win the final victory,他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。,He didnt expect that we should（would）all be there,他没想到我们都在那里。,上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语,would win,和,should（would）be,分别与其主句谓语,were sure,和,didnt expect,相对应。,三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：,1,wasweregoing to,动词原形,He said he was going to try,他说他准备试试。,2,waswereto,动词原形,They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day,他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。,3,waswere about,动词原形,We were about to go out when it began to rain,我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。,4过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如,go，come， leave，start， open，begin,等）也可用于表示将来。,I didnt know when they were coming again,我不知道他们什么时候再来。,四、用法注意点：,1在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。例如：,He said he would come to see you when he had time,他说他有时间就来看望你。,2“,would,动词原形”可表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，都可用,would。,When he was a child he would get up early,他年幼时，总是很早起床。,1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital.,A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died,2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways.,A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned,3. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science.,A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become,C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become,4. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away.,A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped,5. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.,A. has left; comes B. left; had come,C. had left; came D. had left; would come,一般过去时与现在完成时之比较,1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语有：,yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now,具体的时间状语。,共同的时间状语有：,this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately,等。,现在完成时的时间状语有：,for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,等不确定的时间状语。,请认真分析比较下列各例句：,I saw this film yesterday.,（,强调看的动作发生过了。）,I have seen this film.,（,强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,She has returned from Paris.,（,她已从巴黎回来了。）,She returned yesterday.,（,她是昨天回来了。）,He has been in the League for three years.,(,在团内的状态可延续),He joined the League three years ago.,(,三年前入团，,joined,为短暂行为。),注意：,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如,yesterday, last week, in 1960）,时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：,（错）,Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.,（,对）,Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,用一般过去时代替完成时,1) 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用,then，and，but,等连词时，多用一般过去时。,When she saw the mouse，she screamed.,My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.,2),两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。,When I heard the news, I was very excited.,3),叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。,Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.,thanks for attendance,