资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第二讲 英汉语言的对比,一、词汇层面的对比,1、词的意义(,词义完全对等;词义部分对等;词义空,缺;一词多义,),2、词的搭配能力,3、词序(定语位置;状语位置),二、句法层面的对比,1、句子结构,2、句序,3、句子内容的一些其他表达手段(,p32,),句子结构的转换:,英语简单句转换为汉语复杂句;,英语复合句转换为汉语简单句;,英语复合句转换为汉语的其他句子结构;,英语倒装句转换为汉语正装句;,英汉主被动句之间的相互转换;,英汉复合句中时间顺序的对比;,英汉复合句中逻辑顺序的对比;,三、从整个语言特征对比,1,、综合语与分析语(,synthetic vs.analytic,),2,、集聚与流散(,compact vs.diffusive,),3,、形合与意合(,hypotactic vs.paratactic,),4,、繁复与简洁(,complex vs.simplex,),5,、物称与人称(,impersonal vs.personal,),6,、被动与主动(,passive vs.active,),7,、静态与动态(,stative vs.dynamic,),8,、抽象与具体(,abstract vs.concrete,),9,、间接与直接(,indirect vs.direct,),10,、替换与重复(,substitutive vs.reiterative,),英语有形态变化,汉语没有严格意义的形态变化;,英语语序比较灵活,汉语语序相对固定;,英汉语都有大量的虚词,但各有特点;,英语是语调语言,汉语是声调语言;,1,),Even if you go there it wont do any good.,去了也是白去。(去也无用。),2,),a very important question,a question of great importance,3)She had such a kindly,smiling,tender,gentle,generous heart of her own.,她心地厚道,为人乐观,性情温柔,待人和蔼,气量又大。,4,),A great elation overcame them.,他们欣喜若狂。,5,),Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected:there is a“high-temperature belt”in the atmosphere,with its center roughly thirty miles above the ground.,6,),Could any spectacle be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter mens bodies while,close at hand,surgeons use it to restore them?,7)In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.,8,),Language is shaped by,and shapes,human thought.,人们早就怀疑大气中有一个高温带,其中心在距离地面约,30,英里高的地方。利用火箭加以研究后,这一奇异的实事已得到了证实。,炮手用科学毁坏人体,而就在附近,外科医生用科学使其恢复健康,还有什么情景比这更加荒谬绝伦?,门口放着一堆雨伞,少说也有十二把,五颜六色,大小不一。,人的思想形成了语言,而语言又影响了人的思想。,9,),Down with the old and up with the new.,破旧立新。,10,),Night and day he returned wearily to his flat.,他昼夜兼程,疲惫不堪地赶回公寓。,
展开阅读全文