《跨文化交际》PPT课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,跨文化交际,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,Learning objectives,:,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,1.to identify the definitions of nonverbal communication,2.to know the functions of nonverbal communication,3.to understand the various categories of nonverbal communication,Nonverbal Communication Defined,Culture and Nonverbal Communication,Categories of Nonverbal Communication,Nonverbal Expectancy,Violations,Theory,index,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,Narrowly speaking,nonverbal communication,(,非言语交际,),refers to intentional use of,nonspoken symbol,to communicate a specific message.,Nonverbal Communication,Defined,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,The Alliance Between Culture and Nonverbal,The Functions of Nonverbal Communication,Nonverbal Misinterpretations as a Barrier,2.Culture and Nonverbal,Communication,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,The Alliance,关系,Between Culture and Nonverbal,By understanding important cultural differences in this behavior,you will be able to gather clues about underlying attitudes and values,because nonverbal communication often reveals basic cultural traits.,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,The Functions of Nonverbal Communication,a.,Replacing,There are situations in which words,cannot be used.In a very noisy street,for,example,police officer might use hand,gestures to replace spoken messages.,b,.,Complementing,c.,Substituting,d.Contradicting,e.Regulating,(,调整,),interaction,f.,Reinforcing,（,强调）,and modifying,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,Nonverbal Communication is Often Ambiguous,Many nonverbal expressions vary from culture to culture,and it is just those variations that nonverbal communication can be ambiguous.,This gesture means OK in the U.S and many cultures,while it means zero in France,and means money in Japan.,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,3.Categories of Nonverbal Communication,paralanguage/,metacommunication,(,副语言,/,元信息传递,),chronemics,(,时间行为,),proxemics,(,时空行为,),ocuelsics,(,目光语,),olfactics,(,嗅觉,),haptics,(,触觉行为,),kinesics,(,身势语行为,),chromatics,(,色彩学,),silence,clothing and physical appearance,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,A.Paralanguage/Metacommunication,Paralanguage,Metacommunication,Metacommunication is the intentional or unintentional implied meaning of a message.,1.,Vocal characterizers,(,声音的特征,),2.,Vocal qualifiers,(,声音的修饰,),3.,Vocal segregates,(,声音的分割,),4.,Accent,(,口音,),Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,B.Chronemics,(,时间行为,),a.,The sense of time,b.,Monochronic and polychronic time,（单维度时间取向,-,多维度时间取向）,Chronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time.,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,a.,The sense of time,1.,Time is cyclical,(,循环的,),2.,Time is linear,(,线性的,),Western cultures think time is linear a flow from the past to the present to the future.,Life on earth evolved in response to the cycles of day and night and the ebb and flow of the tides.,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,b.Monochronic and polychronic time,1.Monochronic time,（,单维度时间取向）,2.Polychronic time,（,多维度时间取向）,Polychronic time means being involved with many things at once.,Monochronic time means paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,C.proxemics,（时空行为）,a.Personal space,b.Seating,c.Furniture arrangement,Proxemics refers to the perception and use of space,including territoriality,(,领地感,),and personal space.Territoriality refers to physical space;personal space refers to perceptual or psychological space,.,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,a.Personal space,（个人距离）,In the United States,Hall reports that psychologists have identified,four zones from which U.S.people interact:,the intimate zone,the personal zone,the,social zone,and the public zone.,2.In India,In India,there are elaborate rules about how,closely members of each caste,阶级,may approach other castes.,3.In Arab,Arabs of the same sex do stand much closer than North,Americans.An Arab entering an elevator may stand,right next to another person and be touching even though no,one else is in the elevator.,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,b.Seating,In the United States,they tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or stand beside them.The Chinese often experience uneasiness when they face someone directly or sit on opposite side of a desk or table from someone.,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communication,c.Furniture arrangement,French,space is a reflection of French,culture.Everything is centralized,and,spatially the entire country is laid out around centers.,In Germany,where privacy is stressed,office furniture is spread throughout the office.,In Japan,where group participation is encouraged,many desks are arranged hierarchically in the center of a large,common room absent of walls.,Chinese geomancy,(,泥土占卜,),feng shui,is the art of arranging the physical environment to establish harmony with the natural environment to achieve happiness,prosperity,and health.,Chapter 9,Nonverbal Communicat