《定语从句自制》PPT课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,一、句子的结构,主语,：句子中发出动作的部分，由名词、代词、,动名词、不定式等担当。,谓语,：句子中主语发出的动作，由动词担当,宾语,：接受动作的部分。由名词、代词、动名词、,不定式等担当。及物动词后面。,表语,：在be后的,部分。,定语,：修饰名词的部分,“.的”,状语,：修饰动词的部分。说明谓语时间的叫时间状,语，说明谓语地点的叫地点状语等等。,补语,：补充说明谓语动作的结果,I will study (the interesting )subjects,today.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,状语,Weihua is an exchange student.,系动词,表语,In the campus he found the,building,（,in school）,beautiful,now.,主语,谓语,宾语,补语,时间状语,地点状语,定语,定语从句,用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的,名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先,行词的后面。,1.,The students,(,who dont study hard,),will not pass,先行词 定语从句,the exam.,主句:,The students will not pass the exam.,2.,The woman,(,whom you saw in the park,),is our,先行词 定语从句,English teacher.,主句:,The woman is our English teacher.,从句的主语：,you,从句的宾语：,whom,3.A shoe shop is,a shop,(,which,sells shoes,),.,主句：,A shoe shop is a shop.,从句的主语:,which,4.,The book(,that,you want,),is on the desk.,主句,从句的主语:从句的宾语：,The book is on the desk.,you,that,引导定语从句的,关系代词,常见的有that,which,who,whom等。,关系代词,放在,先行词和定语从句之间,，,起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。,The man,(,that/who,told us a funny story)is in the,next room.,主语,I lost,the book,(,(,that/which),you gave me).,宾语,定语从句：要着重把握“什么样的一个东西”,前面那个“什么样的”部分就是定语。如果一个句子由一个关系词引导整体充当定语，则称为定语从句。如：The book which is on the desk is mine.桌子上的书是我的。,其中，定从关系词分为关系代词（which,that,who,whom,whose)和关系副词(when,where,why),要明确，关系副词只有三个，在从句中不能充当主语或宾语；而关系代词在从句中要指代前面先行词，充当主语、宾语或表语。,解题关键在于,把握准,从句的成分,，因为关系词可能在从句中要充当成分。所以，如果从句本身不缺主系表或主谓宾，则用关系副词（when;where;why）；如果缺了，则用相应关系代词去充当顶替，这点是解定语从句的,关键,，如：,This is the reason _ he gave for his absence yesterday.,This is the reason _ he didnt turn up at the party held last night.,所以，不要看见地点就选where,或看见时间就选when,看见原因就选why,应把握分析关键，是,从句缺什么补充什么,！,why,which,定语从句要想突破，,还必须注意以下几点,：1.要会判断哪里是定语，会分析定从成分（前提是主句成分要完整）；2.写定从，得分两步走，先说主干，谁做了什么或谁是什么；其次再写“的”那部分，如：,正在打网球的那个人是我的老师。此句主要意思是那个人是谁；然后再写“的一个人”：The man is my teacher;The man who is playing tennis is my teacher.The man playing tennis is my teacher.,3.特别注意：定从关系词在从句中充当宾语往往省略掉，所以千万不要在从句中在加it；him之类的所谓宾语，如：The book _ is unavailable(买不到)at present.,A.which I need it B.I need C.I need it,4.as 也可以引导定从，它与which的区别是：,as 引导定从可以放在,句首,，as 指代后面句子,，如：As we can see,he is the most hard-working student in our class.,这种用法中,as 一般可翻译为“,正如,”：,As we know,the earth moves around the sun.,而which则只能放在逗号后面，引导非限制性定从，,指代前面整句话的内容,，如：,He didnt pass the exam,which made his parents very angry.,这种用法中，which一般可翻译为“,这；这一点,”,以下情况只能用,that,1 先行词既有指人又有指物,2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有the,only,the very 等修饰时,3 先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,等不定代词,4 主句是以,who/which,开头的特殊疑问句时,5当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”引,导定语从句应注意：,1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素,A.与先行词的搭配关系,1）I will never forget the day _ I,joined the army.,2)I will never forget the days _ I,worked in the school.,3)I will never forget the year _ my son,went to college.,4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,_,most people had had supper.,on which,during which,in which,by which,B.与谓语动词的搭配习惯,1）Have you found the book _ I paid,29 US dollars?,2)Have you found the book _ I spent,29 US dollars?,3)Have you found the book _ we,learnt a lot?,4)Have you found the book _ she,often talks?,for which,on which,from which,about which,表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介,词of,有时可用whose互换，即,：,whose sth.=sth.of which,）；,。,1)There are 100 teachers in our school,_,60 are women teachers.,2)He has three children,two _ work as,teachers.,3)That table has four legs,all _ are,very short.,4)Im painting a house,the roof _ is,round.,Im painting a house,whose roof,is.,5)They live in a house,_ windows face,south.,They live in a house,the windows_,_ face south.,of whom,of whom,of which,of which,whose,of which,.,翻译以下句子,:(注意先找先行词),1)那个正在打网球的女孩是我的朋友。,2)这就是我藏钥匙的地方。,3)她仍然记得她发现她的车被偷的时候.,This is,the place,where,I hid the key.,She still remember,the time,when,she,found her car was stolen.,The girl,who,is playing tennis is my,friend.,This is the place,where,he killed himself.,The man,who,is smoking is her husband.,4).他们就是那些家里失火的人。,5).那个正在吸烟的人她的老公。,6).这就是他自杀的地方。,They are,the people,whose,houses,caught fire.,下列情况下,只用that,不用which引导定语从句。,1）先行词是不定代词,如,all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,no one,some,等。,Is there,anything that,you want?,2）先行词被,all,every,no,some,little,few,much,one of,the only,the very,the right,等所修饰时。,The only thing,that,he remembered was her name.,他唯一记得的东西是她的名字。,3）先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级,修饰时。,This is,the first film that,Ive seen since I came here.,这是我来到这里以来看的第一部电影剧院。,4）先行词中既有人又有物时。,They talked about,the teachers and the things（that）,they remembered in the school.,他们谈论了他们所记得的学校里的老师和一些事情。,5）在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。,Who is the man,that,is shouting there?,正在那边叫喊的那个人是谁？,She is not the girl,that,she used to be.,她已经不是过去的她了。,