速成英语语法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,速成英语语法,+,跨文化交际能力,开 场 白,学习英语要达到六会：,听、说、读、写、译,2,“,六会,”,离不开语法,语法是使用语言的规则,语法有两大关键：,句型,骨架,动词,心脏,内 容 提 要,一、句子的骨架：句型,1.,五种基本句型,2.,基本句型的变式,3.,基本句型的扩大,4.,基本句型的并列,5.,基本句型的省略、倒装,二、句子的心脏：动词,1.,动词的类别与句型的关系,2.,牛津词典和朗文词典的动词句型密码,3.,无师自通：借助,牛津,词典的动词句型密码,造句、判别句子正误,4.,无师自通：借助,朗文,词典的动词句型密码,造句、判别句子正误,5.,结语：英语语法规则繁杂，如何快速掌握？,4,英语句子有长有短，有简有繁,从现象看，似乎千变万化，,但从实质看，,可以发现其内在联系，,找出其共同规律。,5,千千万万的英语句子，,都可以归纳成,五种基本句型,及其,扩大,、,并列,、,省略,或,倒装,。,掌握这五种基本句型，,是掌握各种英语句子结构的,基础。,6,英语五种基本句型,基本句型（一）,S,V,基本句型（二）,S,V,P,基本句型（三）,S,V,O,基本句型（四）,S,V,o O,基本句型（五）,S,V,O,C,说明：,S,（,subject,）,=,主语,V,（,predicate verb,）,=,谓语动词,P,（,predicative,）,=,表语,O,（,direct object,）,=,直接宾语,o,（,indirect object,）,=,间接宾语,C,（,complement,）,=,补语,7,在本句型里，,V,=,不及物动词,S,V,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,History,The sun,The enemy,It,Who,That,advances.,has risen.,surrendered.,is raining.,cares?,wont do.,1.,历史在前进。,2.,太阳升起来了。,3.,敌人投降了。,4.,正下着雨呢。,5.,管它呢！,6.,那不行。,基本句型（一）,8,在基本句型里，,V,=,连系动词，,如,be,become,get,fall,sound,go,come,grow,turn,feel,seem,look,appear,remain,run,prove,smell,taste,continue,等。,S,V,P,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,We,She,He,It,Her face,The baby,are,is,appeared,is getting,turned,fell,students.,twenty.,cheerful.,dark.,red.,asleep.,1.,我们是学生。,2.,她二十岁。,3.,他显得很高兴。,4.,天渐渐黑了。,5.,她的脸变红了。,6.,婴儿睡着了。,基本句型（二）,9,在本句型里，,V,=,及物动词,S,V,O,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,We,Labour,The news,Nobody,The children,The workers,love,created,surprised,answered,had,dug,our motherland.,man.,us.,my question.,a good time.,a deep hole.,1.,我们热爱祖国。,2.,劳动创造了人。,3.,这消息使我们感到惊奇。,4.,没有人回答我的问题。,5.,孩子们过得很愉快。,6.,工人们挖了一个深洞。,基本句型（三）,10,在基本句型时里，,V,=,双及物动词。,o,一般指人，,O,一般指事或物。,能带双宾语的这类动词,如,give,ask,tell,sing,send,wish,cause,等。,S,V,o,O,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,She,He,I,We,It,The girl,sang,asked,sent,wished,caused,told,us,me,him,him,me,the pupils,a song.,a question.,a letter.,success.,trouble.,a story.,1.,她给我们唱了一首歌。,2.,他问我一个问题。,3.,我寄给他一封信。,4.,我们祝他成功。,5.,它给我造成麻烦。,6.,那女孩给小学生们讲了一个故事。,基本句型（四）,11,S,V,O,C,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,We,They,He,She,We,I,call,got,painted,cut,elected,made,him,everything,the door,her hair,him,the total,Lao Wang.,ready.,green.,short.,our monitor.,fifty.,1.,我们叫他老王。,2.,他们把一切都准备好了。,3.,他,把门漆成绿色。,4.,她把头发剪短了。,5.,我们选他当班长。,6.,我把总数凑成五十。,基本句型（五）,在本句型里，,V,=,及物动词，,C,补足,O,的内容。,能带宾语,O,和补语,C,的及物动词如,call,make,keep,prove,elect,get,cut,find,leave,turn,think,name,paint,等。,12,注意比较,S V,o,O,I sent,him,a letter,.,人,物,S V,O,C,I called,him,Lao Wang,.,人,指同一个人,13,句子成分,最常采用的词类,主要成分,主,语,S,名词、代词,谓语动词,V,动词,连带成分,表,语,P,名词、形容词,宾,语,0,名词、代词,补,语,C,名词、形容词,修饰成分,定,语,M,形容词,状,语,M,副词,句子成分和词类的一般对应关系,14,基本句型的变式,1.,否定句,2.,疑问句,3.,被动句,4.There+be,句,15,1.,否定句,S V They have come,They have,not,come,S V P He is a teacher,He is,not,a teacher,S V O He can speak English,He,cannot,speak English,S V o O We shall write them letters.,We shall,not,write them letters.,S V O C He has made his meaning clear.,He has,not,made his meaning clear.,16,2.,疑问句,S V They have come,Have they,come,？,S V P He is a teacher,Is he,a teacher?,S V O He can speak English,Can he,speak English,？,S V o O We wrote them letters,Did,we,write,them letters?,S V O C He made his meaning clear.,Did,he,make,his meaning clear?,17,S V O,They welcomed the visitors.,The visitors,were welcomed,(by them).,S V o O,They gave him a warm welcome.,He,was given,a warm welcome,(by them).,S V O C,The worker painted the tractor red.,The tractor,was painted,red,(by the worker).,注意：只有这,3,种句型才能变为被动句，,因为其中的,V,是及物动词。,3.,被动句,18,4.There+be,句,There,be,句：,基本句型（一）,S V,的变式,否定式,There,isnt anybody,in the room,There,is,nobody,in the room,疑问式,Is there,anybody,in the room,?,There,happened to be,somebody in the room.,There,came,a knock at the door,有敲门的声音。,V,不用,be,，而用,seem to be,，,happen to be,come,等,There,is,somebody,in the room.,V,S,19,以下内容提要：基本句型的扩大与并列,基本句型：,SV,SVP,SVO,SVoO,SVOC,单词,充当基本句型的成分,基本句型的扩大（一）：,短语,充当基本句型的成分,基本句型的扩大（二）：,从句,充当基本句型的成分,句的,接榫,主从句：“句中有句”,基本句型的扩大（三）：,增加修饰语（单词、,短语、从句）,基本句型的并列：,句与句并列,并列句：“句外有句”,20,基本句型的扩大（一）,基本句型的成分：从单词扩大为短语,S/O,=,名词、代词,不定式、不定式短语,主,/,宾,动名词、动名词短语,P/C,=,名词、形容词,介词短语,表,/,补,不定式、不定式短语,分词、分词短语,V,=,动词,动词短语,动,21,基本句型的扩大,(,一,),：基本句型成分,=,短语,She often,pays attention to,oral practice.,（动词短语作动词）,S,V,O,I saw him,at work in the lab,.,（介词短语作补语）,S V O,C,Her wish is,to study English in Britain,.,S V,P,（不定式短语作表语）,You should,practise,speaking English regularly,.,S V,O,（动名词短语作宾语）,We heard someone,knocking at the door,.,（分词短语作补语）,S V O,C,22,主语从句,：用从句作基本句型的主语,S,主语的逐步扩大：单词 短语 从句,The time,for the meeting is still under,consideration.,（名词当主语）,When to hold the meeting,is still under,consideration.,（不定式短语当主语）,When we should hold the meeting,is still under,consideration.S,s v o,（从句当主语）,基本句型的扩大,(,二,),：基本句型成分,=,从句,“句中有句”,23,2.,表语从句,:,用从句作基本句型的表语,P,表语的逐步扩大：单词 短语 从句,The question under discussion is,the site,S V,P,for the new house.,（名词当表语）,The question under discussion is,where,S V,to build the new house,.,（不定式短语当表语）,P,The question under discussion is,where,S V,we should build the new house,.,（从句当表语）,P,s v o,.,24,3.,宾语从句,:,用从句作基本句型的宾语,O,宾语的逐步扩大：单词 短语 从句,I know,my duty,.,（名词当宾语）,S V,O,I know,what to do.,（不定式当宾语）,S V,O,I know,what I should do,.,(