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英 语 第 44讲 阅 读 理 解 (一 ) 阅读理解。(2014，扬州)World War lasted from 1939 to 1945.Life changed for everybody， including women and children because of the war.Millions of people lost their lives during the war.The Diary of a Young Girl was a record of that time.The book was written by a girl named Anne Frank.Anne Frank was born in Germany in June 1929.Because the German Nazi (纳粹分子) hated the Jews (犹太人) and wanted to kill them， her family had to move to another country.In July 1942， they went into hiding in a secret place in her fathers office.During that difficult time， Anne kept writing diaries until she and her family were discovered by the Nazis in August 1944.They were caught and sent to a Nazi camp.The next year， her mother died.In the same year， she and her elder sister died of illness， before the war ended. After the war， her father collected her diaries and the book The Diary of a Young Girl came out in 1947.It has been put into over 30 languages since then.The book has been read by people all over the world.In her diary， Anne wrote down her thoughts， her feelings， her hopes and her dreams for the future，“I want the diary to be my friend， and Im going to call this friend K itty.”“I cant spend all day complaining because its impossible to have any fun！.Every day， I feel the beauty of nature and the goodness of the people around me.With all that， why should I be sad？”The Diary of a Young Girl has also become a symbol of the greatness of the human spirit.It is called one of the wisest and most moving records on war. 1 In which year did Anne die of illness？ _D_A In 1939.BIn 1942.C In 1944. DIn 1945.2 According to the passage，“K itty” is _A_A her diary Bher elder sisterC her mother Dher hiding place 3 Which of the following is true？_C_A Anne was lazy, sad and complained all day.B The book is mainly about Annes school life.C Anne loved life though she was in difficult time.D The book has been put into nearly 30 languages.4 From the passage, we can infer (推断) _B_A Anne was born in GermanyB Anne was a JewC Annes father collected the diariesD Anne was a Nazi 中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多考生在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文的长度和难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题。 (一)主旨概括题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。(二)细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 【例1】(2014，重庆B) Many people have great difficulty in saying goodbye.But from goodbye moments， we can always learn something.Once， I overheard (无意中听到) a father and daughter in their goodbye moment.The father said，“I love you， I wish you enough.”The daughter answered, “Daddy, our life together has been more than enough. Your love is all that I need. I wish you enough, too, Daddy.” They kissed and she left.The father walked over towards me. I could see he wanted and needed a cry. He came over to me and asked, “Did you ever say a forever goodbye to someone？” Before I could answer, he went on, “ I am old and she lives much too far away. I know her next trip back would be for my funeral (葬礼)”“When you were saying goodbye I heard you say, I wish you enough. May I ask what that means？” He began to smile, “Its a wish that has come down from my greatgreatgrandparents. And my parents used to say it to me.”He stopped for a moment and looked up as if trying to remember it. He smiled even more.“When we said I wish you enough， we were wanting the other person to have a life full of enough good things.”Then， turning towards me, he shared (分享) the following “wish” from his heart.I wish you enough sun to keep you bright.I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more.I wish you enough happiness to keep you alive.I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life appear much bigger.I wish enough hellos to get you through the final goodbye.My friends, I wish you enough. 1 Many people would find it difficult _ A _.A to say goodbyeBto overhear othersC to share their wishes Dto live too far away点拨：细节理解题。根据首句“Many people have great difficulty in saying goodbye.”得到答案。 2 How did the father get the “wish”？A The writer wrote it for him.B His parents passed it down to him.C The teacher taught him at school.D His daughter told him about it.点拨：细节理解题。根据“Its a wish that has come down from my greatgreatgrandparents.And my parents used to say it to me.”得到答案。答案：_B_ 3 From the passage, we may learn _ D _.A the daughter didnt understand his fatherB the old man didnt want to see his daughterC the writer knew the old man very wellD the father and daughter loved each other so much点拨：归纳判断题。根据文章第二段和“I could see he wanted and needed a cry.”知道A、B和C是错误的。 4 The best title of the passage may be “_ C _”A Father and DaughterB A Difficult MomentC Wish You EnoughD A Trip Back Home点拨：主旨概括题。文章大意为“作者通过一位父亲与女儿告别以及与该父亲的交谈，表达了作者对I wish you enough的观点和想法。”故选C。 Canada is famous for its winter lifestyle， for the season lasts half the year there.A great example of this is the Quebec Winter Carnival(嘉年华)Quebec is an old city with beautiful historic buildings， and many agree that winter is the best time to visit.The city comes alive in the snow，especially during the winter festival.People who visit the cold city can find tons of things to do that will make winter seem perfect. The Carnival has a magical ice palace made with 9， 000 tons of snow， a boat race on the St.Lawrence River， and two night parades(游行) with funny people and colorful cars.Others interesting things include a 122meter ice slide，and a large football game.There is also an exciting dogsled race that runs through six kilometers of the citys streets.With more than 20 teams in the game， the dogsled race is noisy，fun and full of great cheer.Even better， artists from around the world come to enter the snow sculpture(雕塑) competition.It is amazing how these artists can bring snow to life.The Quebec Winter Carnival has everything for the whole family and more.It is surely a great way to experience winter at its fullest. Another famous winter festival is on the other side of the world in China.Known as the City of Ice， Harbin is the capital city of Heilongjiang Province， which is next to Siberia.In the winer， it is very cold， and temperatures there can drop to 30 below zero.Even so， the cold weather makes the city the right place for the Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival.The festival is held every year. 1 According to the passage， many people think _D_ is the best time to visit Quebec.A springBsummerCautumnDwinter2 The Quebec Winter Carnival includes _C_a dogsled racea winter swimmingtwo night paradesa snow fighta boat raceA B C D 3 Which of the following is TRUE about Harbin？_A_A It is known as the City of Ice.B Its famous for its four seasons.C It is in Northern China， next to Quebec.D It holds an exciting festival every month4 The writer will probably write about _D_ in the next part of the article.A the Quebec Winter CarnivalB the introduction of Heilongjiang ProvinceC the snow sculpture competition in QuebecD the Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival (一)(2014，绍兴)Vicky Zhao is from the mainland working in Hong Kong.For her， one thing she cant stand is people standing on the wrong side of the escalator(自动扶梯) in subway stations.“Escalators help us move faster and save time.It isnt a place to rest，”the 24yearold says，“I often see tourists blocking(挡住) the way with their heavy suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hour.It makes me very angry.” Agreeing that she is not the patient type， Zhao says things are much better in Hong Kong than in cities on the mainland where people often pay no attention to “stand right， walk left” signs.The reason behind the rule“stand right， walk left”seems clear.Even though you may want to have a rest and just wait while youre transported up or down, you should still consider others and leave enough space for people in a hurry, so that they can run and take the train.But the people who stand on escalators will tell the walkers not to be so impatient.In a recent story about the escalator rule， one stander says.“If the person is in such a rush， why not just take the stairs？” Many cities escalators， including Londons and Beijings, use the “stand right, walk left” rule to speed up the movement of people.(In Australian cities like Sydney you should stand on the left side instead.)But some cities discourage people from moving on escalators out of safety reasons. In Hong Kongs subway stations people are asked to “stand still”on escalators.Even so，most people keep the “stand right, walk left”rule.Whatever the escalator rule is in the place you live in or visit, do what most people are doing and always be mindful of others: leave enough space between each other, dont stay at the end of the escalator, and if someone is blocking your way, a simple “excuse me” is enough. 1 According to the passage， Vicky Zhao _B_A comes from Hong KongB is a 24yearold girlC wants to be a patient personD works in a subway station2 The passage mentions that people are advised not to move on the escalator in _D_A London BBeijingC Sydney DHong Kong 3 It can be learnt from the passage that the writer _C_A is crazy about taking escalatorsB agrees to the “stay right, walk left”ruleC tells us to consider other peopleD has been to Hong Kong many times4. Whats the best title of the passage？_A_A Get it right BHelp othersC Take stairs DMove fast (二)(2014，嘉兴)Have you noticed the number of people listening to music very loudly on the trains and buses？Their music is so loud that you can even hear clearly what the singers are singing.The problem is that the music is coming out from their earphones!Doctors warn young people about the dangers of listening to music from earphones so loudly for a long time.In the United States， studies show that musicians and people who work at performance halls have experienced hearing problems after exposure(暴露) to loud music for just up to 30 minutes a day.These people slowly lose their hearing and need to turn up the music even more loudly to hear it properly， possibly causing further damage to it. As we know， the ear has three partsthe outer part， the middle ear and the inner ear.There are tiny hairs in the inner ear.It is the tiny hairs that receive the soundwaves and then change them into what the brain(脑) can understand.Exposure to loud noise can damage the tiny hairs and this causes hearing loss(损伤)Usually， this kind of hearing loss can be treated if the noise isnt very sudden and loud.Exposure to loud noise for too long a time can cause lasting damage.People with serious hearing loss may need to have an operation， but even after the operation they may not hear as well as before. You know you have been listening to loud music too long when you start hearing ringing noises in your ear.They may be signs that the tiny hairs in your inner ear have been damaged.So next time you listen to music using your earphones，make sure it is not loud enough for others to hear.Remember that once hearing loss sets in， there is no turning back. 5 We can probably read this passage in the _C_ part of a newspaper.A news BsportsC science Dadvertisement6 The underlined word “soundwaves” in Paragraph 3 means _C_ in Chinese.A声速 B声调C声波 D声带 7 When you hear ringing noises in your ear， it means _B_A your middle ear has been damagedB you must stop listening to loud musicC your hearing loss cant be turned backD you need to have an operation on your ear8 The writer of the passage is trying to advise people to _A_A use earphones properlyB listen to music in publicC learn about hearing problemsD understand three parts of the ear (三) 9George says that the Internet helps him to _B_A play computer games with friendsB keep in touch with his family and friendsC make phone calls easilyD buy clothing from around the world10 Why does Wang Lin think electricity is the most useful？_D_A Because it isnt really an invention.B Because people love Alessandro Volta very much.C Because Benjamin Franklin learned how to use it.D Because many inventions cannot work without it. 11 For Wendy， the air conditioner is the most useful because _B_A she has to work a lotB she lives in a very hot placeC she often gets sickD she studies very hard (四)(2014，包头)Ted Browns dream as a child was an unusual one：he wanted to fly.What was more unusual was the way in which he made his dream come true.After high school， he wanted to join the US.Air Force but he failed because of his poor eyesight.However， his dream remained.At the age of 33， Ted was a truck driver in Los Angeles.One day， while sitting outside in his garden， he watched planes fly overhead and an idea came to him：to use balloons (气球) to fly. A few weeks later， Ted bought 42 huge balloons.He tied them to a chair and then he sat down in the chair with some beer， sandwiches and a gun.His plan was to fly to 10 meters above his garden， enjoy a few hours in the air， and then shoot some balloons with his gun to get back down.But things did not go as he planned.Once his friends cut the ropes under Teds chair， the 42 balloons flew into the sky at an astonishing speed until about 4 000 meters above the ground with Ted and his chair.He didnt shoot any of the balloons because he was afraid he might break the balance (平衡) of his “plane”Ted stayed in the sky with his beer and sandwiches for 14 hours， cold and frightened. Planes heading towards Los Angeles busy international airport reported the strange sight.And Teds balloons caused great danger to them.At last， Ted gathered his courage to shoot a few balloons and slowly landed on the ground， where many policemen were waiting for him.Ted made his dream come true， but it cost him：he was fined (罚款) $1 500 for breaking the law about air safety.When asked by a reporter why he had done it， Ted answered，“A man cant just sit around and do nothing；he should have his dream and go for it.” 12 Why couldnt Ted join the American Air Force？_C_A Because he didnt finish high school.B Because his parents stopped him.C Because there was problem with his eyes.D Because he was too short.13 He was fined $1 500 because _A_A his balloons caused trouble to planesB he stayed too long in the airC he used too many balloonsD he took a gun with him 14 Which of the following is true？_C_A He didnt go to college because of his dream to fly.B He felt sorry for what he had done.C He realized his dream in a dangerous way both to himself and to others.D He didnt shoot the balloons at first because he wanted to stay there longer.15 What can be the best title for the story？_D_A Go for ItB A Man with Poor EyesightC Up High in the AirD Teds Dream to Fly
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