中国履约的立法与机构框架Case Study Report on Legislation and ...

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,中国履约的立法与机构框架,Case Study Report on Legislation and Institutional Framework,中国国家联络员 刘拓 主任,2002年11月 罗马,Liu,Tuo,China National Focal Point,Director General,提 要,Summary,一关于法律框架问题,Part 1.Legislation Framework,二关于履约的机构问题,Part 2.Institutional Arrangement,自70年代以来，先后颁布实施了森林法、草原法、水土保持法、环境保护法等；,A series of laws on ecological construction have been promulgated since 1970s.Incl.Forestry Law,Grassland Law,Water and Soil Conservation Law,Environmental Protection Law,etc;,1998,年全国人大通过了修改后的土地管理法，将防治荒漠化纳入该法；,In 1998,the National Peoples Congress passed the amended Law of Land Administration,with desertification combat incorporated;,一、关于法律框架问题,Part 1.Legislation Framework,2001年颁布并于今年1月1日实施防沙治沙法；,The Law on Combating Desertification was passed in 2001,and came into effect on Jan.1,2002;,2002,年8月29日由九届全国人大常委会通过了农村土地承包法，并将于明年3月1日施行。,The Rural Land Contracting Law was passed on Aug.29,2002,to come into effect on March 1,2003.,中国防治荒漠化法律体系中的核心法律,中华人民共和国防沙治沙法,Key Law of the Legal System:,The Law,on Combating Desertification,第一，关于立法过程,I.Legislation process:,1994年开始，进行了立法调研，走访了数以千计的农牧民，召开了有各层面人士参加的近一百次座谈会，修改完善达二十余次，经全国人大常委员会三次审议，最终于2002年8月31日通过，并于2002年1月1日施行。,Started from 1994,with full participation and involvement of various stakeholders,legislation studies,field research,consultation,seminars,reference of foreign laws,dozens rounds of revising,three rounds of deliberation by the NPC,etc.,第二，关于立法目的,II.Legislative Objective,预防土地沙化，治理沙化土地，维护生态安全，促进经济和社会的可持续发展。,Prevention and control of desertification,to protect eco-safety and promote sustainable socio-economic development.,第三，关于治沙法的主要内容。,III.Main Contents,第一章是总则，规定了立法目的、防治荒漠化的基本原则、权利人的义务等内容；,Chapter 1.General provisions,第二章规定了防沙治沙规划；,Chapter 2.Plan of combating desertification,第三章规定土地沙化的预防，规定了建立土地沙化监测系统、建立沙化土地封禁保护区、加强管理等内容；,Chapter 3.Prevention of desertification,incl.Monitoring system,forbidden area,management,etc.,第四章是沙化土地的治理；,Chapter 4.Control of desertification land.,第五章是保障措施；,Chapter 5.Guarantee measures.,第六章是法律责任；,Chapter 6.Legal liabilities.,第七章是附则。,Chapter 7.Supplementary articles.,在国家颁布防沙治沙法之后，国务院主管机关研究制定了与之相配套的具体条例，地方各级政府颁布实施了适应地方要求的具体规章。,Upon promulgation of the Law on Combating Desertification,central authorities promulgated affiliated regulations,and local government promulgated applicable by-laws.,第四，配套法规和规章,IV.Regulations and Other By-laws,全国各地都认真地实施该项法律，普遍建立和完善了执法队伍，经最近国家组织的执法检查看，效果是明显的。,Personnel strengthened,law seriously enforced,etc.As from the results of the most recent NPC investigation,the enforcement proved to be effective.,第五，关于执法,V.Law Enforcement,二关于履约的机构问题,Part 2.Institutional Arrangement,（一）组织管理机构,I.Administrative Agency,1,国家级协调机构,1.,National Coordinating Body(NCB),中国政府成立了以国家林业局局长为组长的“中国防治荒漠化协调小组”，由国务院相关的18个部门组成，办事机构设在国家林业局防治荒漠化管理中心。,CCICCD established as NCB,led by Minister of SFA,composed of 18 ministries.,The National Bureau to Combat Desertification,(NBCD),is the substantial administrative body.,2地方各级协调机构,2.,Local Coordinating Body(LCB),荒漠化地区各级政府构成了防治荒漠化领导小组，由各相关部门组成，一般由副省长或自治区副主席任组长，负责本省（区、市）内防治荒漠化的组织协调和领导工作。,Leading Group of Combating Desertification as LCB has been set up at each level of the local government,generally headed by Deputy Governor.,（二）咨询机构,II.Consultative Institution,成立了中国防治荒漠化高级专家顾问组，由20名高级学者组成。其中有7名院士，其任务就是为各项重大政策提供决策咨询，以提高政府的科学决策水平。,The Senior Expert Group of China National Group for CCICCD established,composed of 20 senior scholars,including 7 academicians.Its mission is to provide decision-making advice on key issues of Chinas combating desertification so as to enhance the decision-making process of the government.,成立了中国防治荒漠化研究与发展中心、培训中心、监测中心、分别承担防治荒漠化的科学研究工作，技术和政策培训工作，土地荒漠化预测与预警工作。,China National Research and Development Center of Combating Desertification,China National Training Center of Combating Desertification,China National Desertification Monitoring Center,etc.,（三）科研培训机构,III.Scientific Research and Training Institution,中国目前与荒漠化和生态环境建设有关的非政府组织有2000多个。比如：中国治沙暨沙业学会、中国林学会、中国水土保持学会、中国生态学会等，都在中国的荒漠化防治中发挥着积极的作用。,Over 2000 desertification and eco-related NGOs across the country.E.g.,China National Sand Control and Desert Industry Society,China Forestry Society,China Water and Soil Conservation Society,etc.,（四）非政府机构,IV.NGO,在全国建立了近100个监测站。对当地荒漠化状况及经济发展情况调查，并及时反馈信息。,Nearly 100 desertification monitoring stations assigned,offering timely desertification and economic information.,（五）信息反馈机构,V.Info-feedback Institution,谢谢！,Thank you!,