高中英语过去分词作表语和定语课件2

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,历年高考题,1.,-,How are the team playing?,-They are playing well,but one of them _ hurt.,A.got B.gets C.are D.were,2.One afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,_ some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET91 23),A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.writing,过去分词的否定形式：,not,done,思考：,_ in the country,he found everything in the countryside interesting.,Not bringing up,Not brought up,C.Being not brought up,D.Having not brought up,写出下列动词的过去分词,:,clean-stay-,update-study-,come-find-,come,found,cleaned,updated,studied,规则,:,1.,规则动词,:a.,一般情况加,-ed,b.,以,e,结尾加,-d,c.,辅音,+y,把变,i,再加,-ed,2.,不规则动词,:,P195-197,stayed,过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区别：,1.,过去分词,done,表示被动和完成；,2.,现在分词的主动式,doing,表示主动的、正在进行的动作；,3.,现在分词的被动式,being done,表示被动的、正在进行的动作；,4.,不定式的主动式,to do,表示一个将要发生的主动动作,(,有时也可表被动,),；,5.,不定式的被动式,to be done,则表示一个将要发生的被动动作,过去分词作表语,She looked,worried,.,I am,interested,in the book.,Your idea seems good.,He was,lost,in thought.,The door remained,locked,.,过去分词作表语,1,、作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主,-,系,-,表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括,be,在内的多种形式。如,:,You seem frightened.,你看样子受了惊吓。,2,、少数不及物动词,(,如,go,come,set),的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。,如,:,They are gone for vacation.,他们度假去了。,注意,:,要区别“系动词,+,过去分词,(,系表结构,)”,和“系动词,+,过去分词,(,被动语态,)”,。,如,:,A.The library is now closed.,图书馆现在关门了。,B.The library is closed at six.,图书馆经常在六点钟关门。,说明,:,作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加,quite,very,rather,等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义,;,被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用,by,短语来表示。因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A,句是系表结构,B,句是被动语态,思考：什么是连系动词？,1,、,be,动词,2,、表示变化的动词,:become,get,turn,go,grow,等,3,、感官动词,:look,feel,smell,taste,sound,等,4,、还有,seem,appear,stay,keep,remain,turn out,等,有的已成为固定搭配：,be covered with,be lost in thought,be caught in the rain,be separated from,be interested in,被覆盖,陷入沉思,被雨淋,从分离,对,感兴趣,3.作表语,例3,NMET1998,第23题,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.,A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay,解析,该题考查分词作表语的用法。“,to pay sb.by the hour”,计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：,get burnt,get hurt,get wounded.,As we joined the big crowd,I got _ from my friends.(NMET 2001),A.separated B.spared,C.lost D.missed,2.Cleaning women in the big cities get _ by the hour.(NMET 98),A.pay B.paying,C.paid D.to pay,过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别,作表语时表示主语的特征和所处的状态；,被动语态表示一个动作。,The glass is broken.,The glass was broken by my sister.,The novel is well-written.,The novel is written by Lu Xun.,一、作定语,动词的过去分词作定语时表示动作的被动和完成，单独及物动词的过去分词一般置于被修饰名词前，而过去分词短语则要位于名词之后。,过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。,过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。,过去分词作定语,过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。,1,、前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。,A,类,:,被动意义,:,an honored guest,一位受尊敬的客人,The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.,受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。,B,类,:,完成意义,:,a retired teacher,一位退休的教师,They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.,他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。,2,、后置定语 ：过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如,:,This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written).,这将是这类小说中写得最好的。,Who were the so-called guests invited(=who had been invited)to your party last night?,昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀,?,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD,ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRIT,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE L,ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOOD,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLEN,ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOOD,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLEN,ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOOD,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLEN,ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOOD,EXPERIENCED TALENTED GIFTED HEARD DREAMT REPORTED MADE LOCATED STOLEN,ADDICTED INTERESTED IMPRESSED WRITTEN UNDERSTOOD,The Past Participle used as,Attribute and Predicative,pleased,bored,disappointed,satisfied,scared,annoyed,What do“,Attribute,”and“,Predictive,”mean?Can you give us some examples?,过去分词作定语,Last Sunday we went on an,organized,trip to the forest.,A letter,posted,today will reach him the day after.,So,过去分词（短语）作定语，与其所修饰的词之间存在着,逻辑上,的,_,关系，且表示该动作,_,。单个的过去分词作定语，通常置于被修饰词的,_,，而,_,作定语，则需置于被修饰词之后。,被动,已经完成,前面,分词短语,个别过去分词做前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。,Can you work out the meanings of these phrases?,in the,given,time,with the words,given,a,wanted,person,waitresses,wanted,a,concerned,look,the people,concerned,注意：过去分词、现在分词的被动语态和动词不定式的被动语态作定语意义的不同,。,Most of the guests,invited,to the party were her classmates.,The shopping centre,being built,was designed by Mr.Wang.,The building,to be finished,next year will be our new theatre.,在既定的时间内,用所给的单词,被通缉的人,招聘女服务员,关切的表情,有关人士,过去分词作定语，表示分词的动作,_,现在分词的被动语态作定语，表示分词的被动动作,_,，动词不定式的被动语态作定语，表示动词不定式的被动动作,_.,已经完成,正在发生,将要发生,注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语意义的不同。,（,P91,Exercise 2),过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有,_,关系，表示该动作的,_,或者,_;,现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的,_,关系，表示该动作的,_,或者,_.,动宾,被动,完成,主谓,主动,进行,a,falling,tree,a,fallen,tree,boiling water,boiled water,falling,leaves,fallen,leaves,a,flying,bird,prepared,breakfast,a,snow-covered,city,The,broken,window mad