腹膜造影CT.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Complications of peritoneal dialysis:evaluation with CT,peritoneography,.,北大医院腹组早读片,2011.03.09,NTRODUCTION,Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(,持续性非卧床腹膜透析,CAPD)is used to treat,endstage,renal failure in an increasing number of patients.,CAPD has an advantage over,hemodialysis,in that it allows patients greater freedom to perform daily activities;it also provides other clinical benefits.However,the long-term effectiveness of CAPD is limited by complications,which have various causes.,INDICATIONS AND TECHNIQUE,适应症,:,复发性腹膜炎，透析液交换困难，腹壁或生殖器软组织水肿，腹壁局限性膨出，超滤减少,方法,：在,CT,腹膜造影前，腹腔的透析液要完全引流；,1ml/kg,非离子型造影剂,+30ml/kg,透析液混匀，缓慢输入腹腔，要求严格无菌操作；患者行走、翻身等活动,30,分钟后,CT,扫描；检查完毕将含有造影剂的腹透液置换出来,NORMAL FINDINGS,Limited dispersion due to adhesions,ABNORMAL FINDINGS,Peritonitis:,Bacterial peritonitis is the most common complication of CAPD.,Patients undergoing CAPD are more susceptible to,tuberculous,peritonitis than those with normal renal function or those undergoing,hemodialysis,partly because of their decreased cellular immunity.,Infected fluid collections.,Tuberculous,peritonitis,Catheter-related,Complications,Catheter,Malposition,.,The distal catheter tip should be inserted in a dependent position into the,rectovesical,pouch(in male patients)or the,rectouterine,pouch(in female patients).,Catheter Kinking.,Catheter Entrapment.,Catheter,Malposition,Catheter Kinking,Catheter entrapment,Dialysate,Leakage and Hernias,Sudden increases in pressure may lead to the development of hernias and leaks.,Dialysate,leaks may result in poor drainage of,dialysate,and significant fluid retention.,The most common sites of hernias that occur as complications of CAPD are at the umbilicus,near the peritoneal incision for catheter insertion,and in the inguinal canal.,Sclerosing,Encapsulating Peritonitis,Hepatic,Subcapsular,Steatosis,References,1 Wang,Q,Ni,ZH,Zhu,ML,et al.Diagnostic value of CT,peritoneography,for non-infectious complications of peritoneal,dialysisJ,.,Zhong,Xi Yi,Jie,He,Xue,Bao,.2008,6(5):478-81.,2,Prokesch,RW,Schima,W,Schober,E,et al.Complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis:findings on MR,peritoneographyJ,.AJR Am J,Roentgenol,.2000,174(4):987-91.,3 Cochran,ST,Do,HM,Ronaghi,A,et al.Complications of peritoneal dialysis:evaluation with CT,peritoneographyJ,.,Radiographics,.1997,17(4):869-78.,4,Magre,GR,Terk,M,Colletti,P,et al.Saline MR,peritoneographyJ,.AJR Am J,Roentgenol,.1996,167(3):749-51.,