定语从句翻译课件

,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,定语从句的翻译,一般地，定语从句的翻译有合译法、分译法和混译法。在这里，我们主要详细介绍合译法和分译法。,一、合译法：,合译法通常,用于句式较短的情况,，主要,以限制性定语从句为主,。在英译汉时，一般将其,译成“的”字结构,，有时也,将定语部分译成谓语、兼语句的一部分,或,带有“这”字句的简单句,。,1,译成定语“的”字结构,这是最为常见的一种英译汉的方式，翻译成中文时，,将定语部分放在被修饰名词的前面,。,例,1,：,He is not the one who will give up easily.,译文：他不是一个轻易服输的人。,例,2,：,Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.,译文：我们两国是友谊长存的友好邻邦。,2,译成谓语（,1,）,当,定语从句是,存在句，尤其是在,“,there be,结构”,和它的变体结构、以及,在“,it be+,主语,+,定语从句”的结构中,，定语从句的谓语在意义上也是整个主句的谓语，因此在英译汉时可将其,译为主谓结构的简单句,。,例,1,：,There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.,译文：在那群人中，有的人每天都站在那里，站了一个月。,例,2,：,There have been good results in the experiments that have given him grate encouragement.,译文：实验中的良好结果给了他莫大的鼓励。,2,译成谓语（,2,）,另外，有些定语从句英译汉时要需要,将主句压缩成主语,，而,将定语从句译成谓语,，,融合为一个句子,。,例,1,：,We have a social and political system that differed in many respects from your own.,译文：我们的社会和政治体制在很多方面都与贵国的不一样。,例,2,：,We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity.,译文：我们驾驶的飞机几乎每个部件都有国籍的某些标志。,3,译成兼语句的一部分,当,先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,，即,先行词,在逻辑上,与定语从句中的动词构成主谓或动宾关系,时，就可采用此方法,使两个分句融为一体,。,例,1,：,I need someone who can instruct me in my English study.,译文：我需要一个人来指导我学习英语。,例句,2,：,When I passed by,I saw a man who was quarreling with his wife.,译文：当我经过时，我看到一个人和他的妻子在吵架。,4,译成连动式的一部分,为了行文方便，有时候在英译汉时就需要,把主句、从句中的动词连起来一起翻译，,从而,使句子显得连贯,，,符合汉语的表达习惯,。,例,1,：,He took out a bottle of wine out of his pocket,which he began to drink slowly.,译文：他从衣兜里掏出一瓶酒慢慢地喝起来。,例,2,：,We will send the boy to Britain,where he can receive better education.,译文：我们将要把这个孩子送到英国去接受更好的教育。,5,译成“这”字句,有时，,关系代词,并不仅仅只是指代先行词，它还,指代前面整个句子的内容,。这时，我们一般,将其译成“这”或“这一点”。,例,1,：,He admired Mrs.Brown,which surprises me most.,译文：他钦佩布朗太太，这使我大为惊讶。,例,2,：,She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.,译文：她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。,二、分译法,：,分译法是指,将主句和从句分开翻译,的一种方法，主要,用于较长的非限制性定语从句里,。采用这种方法,可避免句子的冗长和累赘,。这种方法一般采用,主句在前，从句在后,的翻译形式，,将句子翻译成两个相对独立的小分句,。,严格地说，合译法中的第,5,点（译成“这”字句）也属于这种翻译方法。,1,译出关系代词或关系副词,根据逻辑的需要，在翻译前，我们首先应该,弄清关系词所指代的内容,，进而,按照先行词的词义来进行翻译,。,例,1:He has learned French,which he thinks is the most beautiful language in the world.,译文：他学过法语，他认为法语是世界上最美的语言。,例,2:This is a college of science and technology,the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.,译文：这是一所科技大学，该校学生将被培养成工程师或科学工作者。,另外，在,英语中,常常会,把需要强调的内容放于句首,，而,汉语中,却习惯,把附加性说明的定语部分翻译为前置型的并列分句,，,以求在形式上突出主句,的内容。,例,1:She suddenly thought of her husband,who had left her and their children behind and had never been heard of.,译文：他丈夫早就抛弃了妻儿一直杳无音信，现在她突然想起了他。,例,2:The men suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these trifles,which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet.,译文：以前，它们一直被这些人漫不经心地踩在脚下，现在这些人突然意识到这些小玩意儿的美丽和意义了。,2,不翻译关系代词或关系副词,有些,定语从句表面,上,是非限制性定语从句,，但在,意义上,却已经,和主句融为了一体,。在翻译时，应该,将,引导定语从句的,关系词省略,，从而,使句子的意思,显得,更为连贯,。,例,1:After dinner,the four key negotiators resumed their talks,which continued well into the night.,译文：晚饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。,例,2:His wife,Betty,is Shanghai-born Chinese who left China at the age of eight,and whose book“Moon”,tells of her sisters life in China.,译文：他妻子贝蒂是一位出生在上海的华人，八岁离开中国，写过本名叫,月,的书，记叙了她妹妹在中国的生活。,3,译成相对独立的小分句,有些,定语从句,在修饰关系上,与先行词之间关系,显得,较为疏远,，这时，我们通常会,将定语从句译成独立的句子。,例,1:One was a violent thunderstorm,the worst I had ever seen,which obscured my objective.,译文：有一次暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实在是我平生所鲜见的。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。,例,2:Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully,which showed that the computations were accurate.,译文：但是问题还是圆满地解决了，这说明计算是很精确的。,4.,译成状语从句（,1,）,例,1,：,These actions,which have aroused universal and unreserved disapproval,must nevertheless give us a pause.,译文：这些行动，虽已激起普遍而毫不掩饰的反对，却也使我们举棋不定。（表让步）,例,2,：,In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly,try not to get involved.,译文：在两国发生争端时，如与该两国皆友好，则应避免卷入。（表条件）。,例,3,：,Copper,which is used so widely for carrying electricity,offers very little resistance.,译文：铜的电阻很小，因此被广泛用于输电。（表结果）,例,4,：,Chaplin,whose mother was ill for many years,had to dance in streets to earn money.,译文：由于母亲病了好多年，卓别林不得不到街头表演去挣钱。（表示原因）,4.,译成状语从句（,2,）,例,5,：,But the Southern States wanted to set up a country of their own,where they would be free to keep black slaves.,译文：但是南方各州却想建立他们自己的国家，以便在那里他们可以随心所欲地继续把黑人当作奴隶。（表示目的）,例,6,：,He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.,译文：他做了一架望远镜，使他能够研究天空。（表示结果）,例,7,：,Anyone who wants to can go for a walk.,译文：谁想去散步就可以去。（表示条件）,例,8,：,He insisted on buying another house,which he had no use for.,译文：他坚持再买一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。（表示让步）,