Intercultural communication 1 0909

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Intercultural Communication,Zeng,Xiangmin,September,2009,1.Intercultural communication:an introduction,1.1,Defining communication,culture,and intercultural communication,1.2,Significance of studying intercultural communication,1.3,What intercultural communication discusses,1.4,How intercultural communication discussion is conducted,1.1 Defining communication,culture and intercultural communication,1.1.1,Communication,1.1.2,Culture,1.1.3,Intercultural communication,1.1.1 Communication,Difficulty in defining communication,:,(1)complex nature of communication,saying“hello”:thousands of components are in operation.,Communication becomes even more complex when we add cultural dimensions.,Scholars have to focus on one aspect of communication.,(2)controversy:intentional or unintentional behavior?,Definition,:,Communication is our ability to share our ideas and feelings.,Communication refers to the share or exchange of information,ideas,feelings and so on.,Communication is the process in which one party gives the message that is received by the other party.,Some characteristics,:,(1)dynamic process,(2)systemic,in a specific setting or context,The system include:place,occasion,time,the number of participants,(3)symbolic,Symbols include words,actions,other sounds,light,mark,statue,or even a painting.,(4)consequence(,后果,),When we receive a message,something happens to us.,1.1.2 Culture,Omnipresent nature of culture,:,“There is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.”(E.T.Hall,The Silent Language,),“People learn to think,feel,believe,and act as they do because of the messages that have been communicated to them,and those messages all bear the stamp of culture.”(Samovar et al.2000:34),对文化作广义的理解，我们把文化看作社会成员共同创造并拥有的所有事物现象。文化具有两个最基本的特征：超自然性和超个人性。从外延来看，文化可分为物质文化、智能文化、制度文化和精神文化。,物质文化,是指人类创造的各种物质产品，如各种生产和生活物品。,智能文化,是人们拥有的各种科学技术知识，包括各门学科的理论知识和生产技术等。,制度文化,是制约人们的社会行为的各种制度规范、风俗习惯等，诸如饮食卫生细故、娱乐交往方式等，婚姻形式、亲属关系、家庭财产分配等家庭制度、劳动管理、艺术生产、教育、道德、风俗、宗教、礼仪、法律、政治、警察、军队等社会制度等等。,精神文化,包括思维方式、思想意识、审美情趣、宗教信仰、道德观念、价值观念等等。,(,邢福义、吴振国主编,语言学概论,，华中师范大学出版社，,2002,，第,28,页。,),Various definitions,:,Culture is the complex whole which includes belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.(Edward,Tylor,),Culture is an integrated system of learned behavior patterns which are characteristic of the members of a society and which are not the result of biological inheritance.(,Hoebel,and Frost),Various definitions,:,Culture is a system of shared beliefs,values,customs,behaviors,and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another,and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.(Bates and,Plog,),We define culture as the deposit of knowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,meanings,hierarchies,religion,notions of time,roles,spatial relations,concepts of the universe,and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.(Samovar et al.),Some images about culture,:,Culture is like,an iceberg,.,(objective culture vs.subjective culture),Culture is our software.,(each of us is programmed by our home culture),Culture is like the water a fish swim in.,(or:culture is like the air we breathe.),Culture is the grammar of our behavior.,The iceberg principle,paying attention only to the top and ignoring the 8/9 that lies just below the surface,Characteristics of culture,:,(1)Culture is learned.,We learn our culture through,proverbs,.,We learn our culture from folk tales,legends,and myths.,We learn our culture through art.,We learn our culture through mass media.,(2)Culture is transmitted from generation to generation.,(3)Culture is based on symbols.,spoken words;written words;nonverbal actions,Characteristics of culture,:,(4)Culture is integrated.(not isolated),Culture is,like communication,is systematic.The civil rights movement in the US.,(5)Culture is ethnocentric.,种族,民族,中心主义的,Ethnocentrism is“the technical name for the view of things in which ones own group is the center of everything,and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it.”,(6)Culture is subject to change.,(7)Culture is adaptive.,Strike while the iron is hot.,Actions speak louder than words.,“,父母在，不远游，游必有方。”（,论语,里仁篇第四,While father and mother are alive,a good son does not wander far,afield,;or if he does so,goes only where he has said he was going.,“,君子欲讷于言而敏于行。”（,论语,里仁篇第四,A gentleman covets the reputation of being slow in word but prompt in deed.,1.1.3 Intercultural communication,Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.,(sometimes cross-cultural communication is used.),1.2 Significance of studying intercultural communication,(1)The quantity and quality of intercultural contacts,a.international contacts,influence of globalizat