语法——介词

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,介词是通常位于名词或代词之前的词。介词之后也可以接动词，该动词必须用,-ing,分词形式。例如：,He is talking of,emigrating,.,They succeed in,escaping,.,但,except,和,but,是例外，之后可接不定式。例如：,He had no choice,but to wait,.,She can do anything,except cook,.,They did nothing,except work,.,当,except,和,but,之前有实义动词,do,的某种形式时，其后的不定式一般不带,to,。,介词的位置,如上所述，介词通常位于名词或代词之前。然而，在以下三种结构中的介词有可能会移到句末。,以“,介词,whom/which/what/whose/where,”,开头的疑问句。例如：,To whom,were you talking?,Who were you talking,to,?,In which,drawer does he put it?,Which drawer does he put it,in,?,在关系分句中位于,whom/which,之前的介词也可以移到句末，此时关系代词常被省略。例如：,They were the people,with whom,I was traveling.,They were the people(whom)I was traveling,with,.,在“,名词不定式,”结构中。例如：,I need a box to put the chessmen,in,.,Give me a piece of paper to write,on,.,I put the chessmen,in,a box.,I write,on,a piece of paper.,易混淆的介词：,at,in,on,（表示时间）,At,的用法,表示某一时刻,:,at six,at 4:30,at midnight,at dawn/daybreak,at noon,at sunrise/sunup,at sunset/sundown,表示“在,几岁：,She got married at twenty/at the age of twenty.,表示“在某某节假日期间,/,前后”：,At Christmas,people give each other cards and presents.,Well probably go to Italy,at Easter,.,但若表示在假日中的某一天，则用,on,：,What are you going to do,on Christmas Day,?,We wont be at home,on Easter Sunday,.,On,的用法,表示“在星期几或某日”：,He was back home,on July first,.,It was raining,on Monday,.,表示“在周末,/,工作日,/,工作日夜晚”：,I only work,on weekdays,not,on weekends,.,The plays can be seen separately,on weeknights,.,注意在英式英语中，,weekend,前用,at,，其余仍用,on,。,另外，,at/on weekends,泛指周末,at/on the weekend,可以泛指，也可特指某个周末,In,的用法,表示在一天中的各个部分：,In the morning/afternoon/evening(at night,除外,),注意，当,morning/afternoon/evening/night,被一个前置定语或,-of,修饰时，通常与介词,on,连用。例如：,He stayed in bed late,on Sunday morning,.,She left,on the night of Friday 13 June,.,表示一段较长的时间，如星期、月、季、年、世纪、时代等：,It happened,in February,last year.,The Peoples Republic of China was founded,in 1949,.,表示在人生的某一时期,He is,in his early fifties,.,补充,在说明时间的时候，若时间名词前带有,last,next,this,that,one,every,all,tomorrow,yesterday,等修饰语时，就不可再用介词。例如：,I am leaving,next Wednesday/this afternoon,.,Ive got to get up early,tomorrow morning,.,易混淆的介词：,at,in,on,（表示地点）,At,的用法,表示位置在某一点上，或旁边：,Turn right,at,the second traffic lights.,Nancy and her friend sat down,at,a table.,My car is,at,the cottage.,用“,at,名词所有格”表示在某人家里或店里：,She is now,at her mothers,.,I have an appointment,at the hairdressers,.,表示有具体门牌的地址：,She lives,at 120 Park Avenue,.,In,的用法,表示位置在一个立体的空间里或一个被圈起来的片面范围内,:,My mother is,in,the kitchen.,We sang and danced,in,the park.,表示在国家、城市、地区：,We live,in,New York.,但有时随着着眼点的改变，介词也会相应改变。例如：,On our flight from Hong Kong to New York,we touched down,at Tokyo,.,There is a church,at the town,.,There is a church,in the town,.,从全球距离着眼，把城市看成地图上的一个点。,说话人在镇子外,说话人在镇子里,On,的用法,表示位置在某个表面之上：,There are dirty marks,on,the ceiling.,表示在河流、道路、边界等线状东西之上或附近：,She lives,on,Park Avenue.,（英式英语用,in,）,区别,We sat,on,the grass.,We sat,in,the grass.,Cows are grazing,on,the field.,Cows are grazing,in,the field.,在草坪上,在草丛里,开阔的草地,有栅栏的草地,She is,in,Oxford.,She is,at,Oxford.,He is,in,the house.,He is,at,the house.,她在牛津大学读书。,他在家，是主人。,建筑物名称之前可以用,at,或,in,。当建筑物作为某种机构或功能时，用,at,较好；若把它作为单纯建筑物，则用,in,。,联想：当建筑物作为某种机构或功能时，用零冠词；若把它作为单纯建筑物，则用冠词。,At,the,church,At church,做礼拜,At,the,table,At table,用餐、吃饭,易混淆的介词：,before,in front of,after,behind,Before,的用法,表示某事发生在特定时间之前：,She was born,before,Christmas.,表示顺序或重要性：,The files are arranged in alphabetical order,so B1 comes,before,C1.,We always put quality,before,quantity.,表示重要人物或一群人的前面：,He was brought,before,the judge.,Italy will face France this afternoon,before,a crowd of 50,000 spectators.,表示比喻义“面临”，“面对”：,The task,before,us is not an easy one.,In front of,的用法,表示位置上“在,前面”,A van was parked,in front of,my car.,注意与,in the front of,的区别,I always like to travel,in the front of,the car.,表示“当着某人的面,”,Dont use such bad language,in front of,the kids.,After,的用法,表示某事发生在特定时间之后：,We shall leave,after,breakfast.,表示顺序：,The UK is the worlds third largest arms producer,after,the USA and Russia.,Behind,的用法,表示位置上“在,后面”：,Theres a small street,behind,the station.,对应关系,After,Behind,Before,In front of,易混淆的介词：,besides,except(for),but,Besides,与,except,的区别,We went to the museum,except,John.,We went to the museum,besides,John.,No one went to the museum,except/besides,John.,I didnt care for anything,except/besides,this.,约翰没去,约翰去了,约翰去了,我只关心这一点,在肯定句中，,except,指“排除在外”，,besides,指“包括在内”。在否定句中，两者没有区别。,Except,与,except for,的区别,Except for,后只接名词或代词；,except,后除接名词、代词外，还可接不定式、介词短语、从句。,Except for,可以用于句首，而,except,不行。,如果从整体中扣除的部分属于,同类的人或物,，则,except,与,except for,可以通用。例如：,He answered all the questions,except(for),the last one.,Everybody,except(for),Mike was tired.,如果被排除的部分属于,不同类的人或物,，则用,except for,。例如：,The road was empty,except for,a few cars.,The night was quiet,except for,the barking of dogs.,But,与,except,的区别,在,all,every-,any-,开头的词后面，,but,与,except,均可：,Everyone,was there,but/except,him.,在以,no,开头的词或在,what,where,who,之后，多用,but,：,No one but,Bill knew the way.,Who but,John would say that?,其余情况多用,except,。,I could still see nothing the spirals of desert dust.,We go to bed before t