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,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Chapter 13,Sentimentalism and,Pre-Romanticism in Poetry,Sentimentalism,Pre-Romanticism,Sentimentalism,In the middle of the 18th century,the enlightened people,were discontent with social reality.,They appealed to sentiment and turned to the countryside,for material.,They showed sincere sympathy for the poor peasants,Sentimentalism,:is a literal movement in the middle of the 18th century in England which concentrates on the distressed of the poor unfortunate and virtuous people and demonstrates that effusive emotion was evidence of kindness and goodness.,It reveals grief,pains and tears.The most outstanding figure of English sentimentalists are,Laurence Sterne,（劳伦斯,.,斯特恩,),who wrote,A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy,(1768),在法国和意大利的感伤旅行,，,which reveals a purely emotional approach to life on the part of the narrator.,Thomas Grays,Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,墓园挽歌,is also the model of sentimentalist poetry.,感伤主义文学是,18,世纪,60,年代至,80,年代末发生在英国的一股文学潮流。产业革命以后，现实矛盾加剧，人们开始对理性社会产生怀疑，但又无可奈何，只得寄希望于艺术和情感来表达对现实的不满和逃避。感伤主义这一潮流在文学形式方面将欧洲带入一个新阶段。它是,19,世纪初欧洲声势浩大的浪漫主要以文学运动 的先驱，感伤主义是因英国作家斯特恩的小说,在法国和意大利的感伤旅行,而得名,该部小说表达了作者对待生活完全感情化的态度。,从文艺思潮流派上说，感伤主义反对古典主义和唯理主义。它与唯理主义所提倡的个人服从王权的观点截然相反，特别注重寝达个人生活之中的情感。这种情 感，主要是哀怨忧伤，多愁善感。因此，感伤主义具有情感性、伤感性、敏感性。在感伤主义者看来，文学的体裁并没有什么高雅和粗俗之分。被古典主义者看成不登大雅之堂的散文、抒情诗、信简，随笔、日记、自传和小说，则成了感伤主义流 派常用的文学样式。,Thomas Gray,(17161771),Life:,The best poet in the “,Graveyard School,”,Works:,An,Elegy Written in a,Country Church,yard,Graveyard School,(,墓地派诗歌,),Graveyard School refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation,(,悲叹,哀悼,),or meditation on life.Past and present,with death and graveyard as themes.Thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his,Elegy written in a country churchyard,is its most representative work.,托马斯,格雷（,17161771,）的,墓园哀田,（,1750,）是“墓园诗派”的代表作，格雷因为这首诗，成为英国最著名的诗人之一。在死亡的低沉基调里，诗人表达了对平民的深切同情，对“贵人们”的谴责。格雷的诗作采用古典主义诗 歌形式，但在精神上显露了浪漫主义气息，韵律优美。,19,世纪的诗人大多受过格雷的启迪或感染。,A literal trend in the English literature of the latter half of the 18th century which composes the romance devoted to the medieval times.William Blake and Robert Burns are two representatives of pre-romanticists,Pre-romanticism,(,先浪漫主义）,William Blake,威廉,.,布莱克,（,1757-1827,）,英國浪漫主義畫家、詩人兼雕刻家,/,版画家,A Forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century,(,浪漫詩人先驅之一,),Blakes Art,Suffered in his last years“that Sickness to which there is no name.”,Probably,biliary,cirrhosis,（,胆汁性肝硬化）,Caused by prolonged exposure to the fumes produced when acid is applied to copper plates(,抗酸性的漆在銅版上寫作及繪畫設計,时散发出的烟雾和气味,),This was one of his methods of engraving,Illustrated most of his poems as well as those of other writers,Printed most of his poetry himself,Works,Poetry,Lyric Song of Innocence ,天真之歌,Song of Experience ,经验之歌,Prophetic The French Revolution,法兰西革命,Prose,The Marriage of Heaven and Hell,天堂与地狱的婚姻,S,ongs,of Innocence,and,Experience,純真與經驗之歌,1794,年集結成冊,揭露人類靈魂的兩個對立面,兒童文學的先驅,預告了往後日趨神秘晦澀的詩學發展,自然天成與人為藝術的對立,透過孩童口吻來描繪殘酷現實,純真透,过,孩童的眼光敘述未被社會污染的,纯洁状态,經驗,讽刺,令人失望的現,实,世界,Little Lamb,who made thee?Dost thou know who made thee?Gave thee life,and bid thee feedBy the stream and oer the mead;Gave thee clothing of delight,Softest clothing,woolly,bright;Gave thee such a tender voice,Making all the vales rejoice?Little Lamb,who made thee?Dost thou know who made thee?,!,小羔羊，誰創造了你？,你可知道誰創造了你？,給予你生命，並把你餵養，,在小溪旁，在草地上，,給你美麗的衣服穿，最漂亮，又最溫暖,給你最溫柔親切的聲音,讓所有山谷高興歡欣,小羔羊，誰創造了你？,你可知道誰創造了你？,The Lamb,Little Lamb,Ill tell thee,Little Lamb,Ill tell thee:He is called by thy name,For he calls himself a Lamb;,He is meek and he is mild,He became a little child:I a child,and thou a lamb,We are called by his name.Little lamb,God bless thee!Little lamb,God bless thee,小羔羊，我要告訴你,小羔羊，我要告訴你,他是以你的名字命名,因為他以羔羊爲自己的名,他既溫順又和藹,變成了一個小孩,我是小孩，你是小羊,我們都以祂的名字叫羔羊,小羔羊，上帝祝福你！,小羔羊，上帝祝福你！,A little black thing among the snow:,风雪里一个满身乌黑的小东西,Crying weep,weep,in notes of woe!,“,号呀，号”在那里哭哭啼啼！,Where are thy father&mother?say?,“,你的爹娘上哪儿去了，你讲讲？”,They are both gone up to the church to pray.,“,他们呀都去祷告了，上了教堂。,The Chimney Sweeper,(,扫烟囱孩子,),Because I was happy upon the heath,“,因为我原先在野地里欢欢喜喜，,And,smild,among the winters snow:,我在冬天的雪地里也总是笑嘻嘻,They clothed me in the clothes of death,他们就把我拿晦气的黑衣裳一罩，,And taught me to sing the notes of woe.,他们还叫我唱起了悲伤的曲调。,And because I am happy&dance&sing,“,因为我显得快活，还唱歌，还跳舞，,They think they have done me no injury:,他们就以为并没有把我害苦，,And are gone to praise God&his Priest&King,就跑去赞美了上帝、教士和国王，,Who make up a heaven of our misery.,夸他们拿我们苦难造成了天堂。”,The Marriage of Heaven and Hell(p200),Robert Burns,(1759-1796),Outline of the lecture,Brief introduction of Burns and his poetry,Poem appreciation:,A red,red rose,Summary:,Features of Burns poetry,Appreciation:,“days of long ago”,Robert Burns,an excellent native poet of Scotland,his poems written in the Scottish dialect;,many lyrics praising nature,love,and friendship,such as“A Red,Red Rose,”“,一朵红红的玫瑰”“,My hearts in the Highland”“,我的心呀在高原,“
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