高考英语时态语态[共26页]

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,高考英语时态语态的考点,1,时态和语态的主要考点,1,、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时,态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进,行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进,行、过去将来等。,2,、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从,句时态呼应问题。,3,、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。,4,、及物动词的被动语态。,5,、系动词的用法特点。,6,、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。,2,时态共有四种体（,form,）,:,完成体、一般体、进行体和完成进行体。,时间,(time),也有四种：现在、过去、将来和过去将来。,3,4,16,种时态,study/,studies,am,（,is,are,）,studying,have(has),studied,have(has) been,studying,studied,was(were),studying,had studied,had been,studying,will(shall),study,will (shall)be,studying,will (shall),have studied,will (shall),have been,studying,would,(should),study,would (should) be,studying,would (should),have studied,would (should),have been,studying,5,1,一般现在时的特点：表惯性动作、表目前状态、表真理或,(,已故,),重要人物的观点、表将来、表传媒或艺术作品的现时性等。,Everybody eats, drinks, and sleeps every day. (,表惯性动作,),The poor old lady always tells us the same story every time she meets us. (,表惯性动作,),The old folk live in the distant area. (,表目前状态,),Time and tide wait for no man. (,表真理,),Ill show you the picture the moment you come. (,表将来,),Cao Xueqin is the author of the great novel, “The Red Mansion”.,（表艺术作品的现时性 ）,When do the trains leave?,（表将来）,1,：,I_ping-pong ball quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play,(,答案：,D),2,：,They have a good knowledge of English but little _ _ they know about German. A. have B. did C. had D. do,(,答案：,D),/mn()n/,大厦；宅邸,6,2,一般过去时的特点：表过去时段的惯性动作、代替过去将来时（在部分状语从句中）、表过去某个时段的状态或动作等。,When Mary was in England, she often went to the Museum.(,表过去时段的惯性动作,),He told me that they would not go out for swimming if it rained tomorrow. (,代替过去将来时,),Father used to tell us a story after supper when my brother and I were young. (,强调对比,),1,：,I _you not to move my dictionary,now I cant find it. A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked,(,答案：,A),2,：,My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _half of it.A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed,(,答案：,D),7,3,现在进行时的特点,:,表正在发生的动作、表将来、表情绪色彩、表现阶段发生的惯性动作等。,频度副词,always, constantly, continually,和,forever,等和进行时连用时，给现在或过去的动作披上一层感情色彩，并不强调动作在进行。表示讨厌、不满，带有埋怨情绪，指责某人一贯的行径，如：,He is forever boasting.,他老爱说大话。表示称赞对方一贯表现的，如：,You are always doing well.,你总是干得很不错。,Its now raining outside. (,表正在发生的动作,),Liu Huan is giving a pop concert in Beijing next month. (,表将来,),You are always forgetting my name! (,表情绪色彩,),He is walking up and down the room.,（表现阶段发生的惯性动作）,1,：,Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.A,just finish B,am just finishing C,have just finished D,am just going to finish,(,答案：,B),2,：,Because the shop_, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed downC. is closing down D. had closed down,(,答案：,C),8,用于现在完成时的句型,1,）,It is the first / second time. that,结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。,It is the first time that I,have visited,the city.It was the third time that the boy,had been,late.,注意比较,Its time that ,结构：,It is high time that we,went,to school.,9,2,）,This is the that,结构，,that,从句要用现在完成时,.,This is the best film that,Ive (ever) seen,.,这是我看过的最好的电影。,This is the first time (that),Ive heard,him sing.,这是我第一次听他唱歌。,10,典型例题,(1) - Do you know our town at all?,- No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was,B. have been,C. came,D. am coming,(2) - Have you _ been to our town before?,- No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come,B. even, have come,C. ever, come,D. ever, have come,注意,：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。,（错）,I have received his letter for a month.,（对）,I havent received his letter for almost a month.,B,D,11,4,过去进行时的特点,:,表过去某时刻的正在发生的动作、表过去某阶段正在发生的动作、代替过去将来时、表示对比或原因。,She was doing her homework when her mother came home after work in the evening. (,表过去某时刻的正在发生的动作,),He was writing a novel last month. (,表过去某阶段正在发生的动作,),Tom said that he was going for the picnic on the riverside. (,代替过去将来时,),1,：,What were you doing when Tony phoned you?,I had just finished my work and _to take a shower. A .had started B. startedC. have started D. was starting,(,答案：,D),2,：, Whats wrong with your coat? Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it.A. sat B. had satC. had been sitting D. was sitting,(,答案：,D),12,5,一般将来时的特点： 表纯粹将来,(,一定会做,),、表计划将来（打算去做）、表意愿将来（愿意去做）等。,Senior Bush will retire from his work next year. (,表纯粹将来,),The graduates are to go back to college next week. (,表计划将来,),I will love you till the end of time. (,表意愿将来,),1,：,-Youve left the light on.-Oh, so I have. _and turn it off. A,Ill go B,Ive gone C,I go D,Im going,(,答案：,A),2,：,Did you tell Julia about the result?,Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now.A,will be calling B,will call C,call D,am to call,(,答案：,B),13,6,现在完成时的特点,:,表业已发生的动作或存在的状态、在某些状语从句中表将来或将来完成时、用于某些特殊的句型或结构。,a),注意标志性时间状语问题（现在完成时的时间状语可分为两种：,其一为精确性时间状语：,for, in the past/last year, since,等；,其二为模糊性时间状语,: before, now, today, recently, lately, already,等等。）,b),另外还要注意动词的时间分类问题（瞬间动词和延续动词与时间状语的搭配问题）,Mr. Smith has taught English for nearly thirty years. (,表某一动作的延续至说话时止,),Dont get off the train until it has stopped. (,表将来,),This is the best beer that I have drunk. (,特殊结构,),It is the second time that I have come to England. (,特殊句型,),14,1,：,The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before .A,was having B,haveC,have ever had D,had ever had,(,答案：,C),2: More patients_in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treatedC. had been treated D. have been treated,(,答案：,D),3: Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shownC. will show D. is showing,(,答案：,B),15,7,过去完成时,:,对过去完成时的理解可有两种：过去完成时是现在完成时的过去时，过去完成时是过去时的过去时。,过去完成时的标志性时间状语问题：由,by,引导的时间状语，部分适合现在完成时的时间状语，某些特殊结构（,no sooner than, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen,等）。,He had received a heavy slap before he realized what had happened.,（过去时的过去时）,The headmaster told us that he had already known the accident. (,现在完成时的过去时,),1,：,He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere.A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen,(,答案：,D),2,：,He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. A,were deciding B,have decided C,decided D,will decide,(,答案：,B),16,8,被动语态与时态,:,在英语中被动，语态共有,10,种时态，但高考中考查通常只有在完成体和一般体中，进行体的被动形式较少考到，例如，今年全部试题中仅一例。,1,：,The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuadeC. be persuaded D. are persuaded (,答案：,D),2,：,Millions of pounds worth of damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been caused B. had been causedC. will be caused D. will have been caused (,答案：,A),17,9,被动语态与非谓语动词,:,被动语态很难成为独立的考点，通常只能和时态或非谓语动词联合考查。因此，讲被动语态不能不提到非谓语动词。从时间的角度讲，,-ing,形式和,ed,形式可称为现在分词和过去分词，而从语态的角度讲，,-ing,形式和,ed,形式则可称为主动分词和被动分词。被动分词就经常成为考点。被动语态与动词不定式的关系这里从略。,1,：,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.A,carry out B,carrying outC,carried out D,to carry out,(,答案：,C),2,：,The Olympic Games,_in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first playedC. first played D. to be first playing,(,答案：,C),3,：,_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing,B. Having lost C. Lost,D. To lose,(,答案：,C),18,10,主动的形式表被动的意义,:,在英语中，有些特殊结构可以是主动的形式表达被动的意义。,其一，在动词,need, want, require,等动词之后，可接,-ing,形式表被动的意义。,The bicycle requires repairing. (=to be repaired),其二，在句型,It is worth doing,中，,-ing,形式表被动之意。例如,This film is worth seeing.,其三，在形容词,easy, hard, difficult, good, nice, pleasant, interesting, fit,等之后，其动词不定式主动表被动。例如：,The water here is fit to drink.,其四，有些动词的主动形式表被动意义。例如：,let, write, wear, run, begin, shut, read, sell, wash, record, open,等动词是以不及物而表被动。,The new book of the former president of America Bill Clinton sells very well.,Your pen really writes smoothly.,1,：,-What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth_a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read,(,答案：,C),19,11,被动语态与部分动词和短语,:,在英语中，有些动词永无被动语态，而这一点是中国学生最感不能接受的。例如：,happen, remain, break out, take place, occur,等。另外，几个知觉类的联系动词亦无被动语态，即：,look, feel, sound, smell, taste,等。,Tasting nice, the fruit is from Viet Name. (,不能用,tasted),A fire broke out in the factory where he once worked.,（不用,was broken out,）,12,被动的形式表主动的意义：有些动词由于能接反身代词，因此，可用被动形式表主动的意义。此类形式更多地用于非谓语动词的考查中，这里作为应掌握的形式列出。例如：,devote, surprise, seat, hide, station, lost, dress,等,He was devoted to his work.,Little Franz saw many villagers seated at the back of the classroom.,20,4,、状语从句中的时态问题,高考题点击：,1. - Can I join the club, Dad?,- You can when you _ a bit older. (94 N),A. get B. will get,C. are getting D. will have got,说明,：,时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时,。,A,21,2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. (2001,上海,),A. have survivedB. are to survive,C. would surviveD. will survive,B,说明,：,条件状语从句中不用将来时，但,be to,结构不属于将来时态形式。,22,3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (2002,上海,),A. will graduateB. will have graduated,C. graduates D. is to graduate,说明,：,by the time,引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。,D,选项虽可考虑，但,be to,结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。,C,23,4. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. (2002,上海春季,),A. will not be, will know,B. is, will know,C. will not be, know,D. is, know,C,说明,：,before,引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。,24,一,.,延续性动词,表示能够延续的动作,如：,learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay,等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的,状语,连用。 表示时间段的短语有,:for+,一段时间,for 2 years; since,从句,since he came here; since+,时间点,名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time,等。 例,:,He has lived here for 6 years.,You can keep the book for 5 days.,I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.,How long did you stay there last year?,二,.,非延续性动词,也称,终止性动词,、,瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如,:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：,two years ago; at 5 oclock;,例,:,He died 5 years ago.,否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的,时间状语,连用。例,:,I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.,25,终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用,(,只限肯定式,),。如：,(1),他死了三年了。,误：,He has died for three years.,正：,He has been dead for three years.,正：,He died three years ago.,正：,It is three years since he died.,正：,Three years has passed since he died.,(2),他来这儿五天了。,误：,He has come here for five days.,正：,He has been here for five days.,正：,He came here five days ago.,正：,It is five days since he came here.,正：,Five days has passed since he came here.,(1),将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确,表达方式,。下面列举几例：,leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on,diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold,。,26,