CCNA的培训课程4

Slide Title,Body Text,Second Level,Third Level,Fourth Level,Fifth Level,2002,谭敏清版权所有,.,T,CCNA&HCNE V1.0a4-,*,Objectives,用超级终端连接路由器或者交换机（,PC,串口连接路由器或交换机的,console,口）,常见局域网接口及线缆,常见广域网接口及线缆,常用逻辑接口,Cisco,的,IOS,互联网络操作系统、华为的,VRP,通用路由平台都支持路由器上的物理接口（真实存在）和逻辑接口（物理上不存在、需要通过配置来建立）。,Physical,Data Link,(MAC layer),常见局域网有：以太网、令牌总线网、令牌环网等。,以太网的主要接口类型有：10,M,以太网802.3、100,M,快速以太网802.3,u、1000M,千兆以太网802.3,z。,Ethernet,100,baseTX,10,BaseT,802.3,10,Base5,10,Base2,100,baseFX,802.3,Specifications for 10MB Ethernet,802.3,u Specifications for 100MB(Fast)Ethernet,100,baseT4,10,BaseF,DIX,Standard,LAN,接口类型,标准名称的含义,The first number describes the,speed of the cable,.,The next word describes whether it is,baseband,or broadband cable.,The final letter(s)describe the,media type,.,100 Mbps cables are used for Fast Ethernet.,T,represents twisted pair media.,F,represents fiber.,For example,10BaseT is 10 Mbps,baseband,twisted-pair cable.,各种局域网在园区网中所处的位置,Access Layer,Distribution Layer,Core Layer,Ethernet 10BaseT Position,Fast Ethernet Position,Access Layer,Distribution Layer,Core Layer,Provides connectivty between the end user device and the access switch.,Not typically used at this layer.,Gives high-performance PC and workstations 100-Mbps access to the server.,Provides connectivity between access and distribution layers.Provides connectivity from the distribution to core layer.Provides connectivity from the server block to the core layer.,Provides inter-switch connectivity.,Not typically used at this layer.,10,Base5,100,BaseTX,10,BaseT,100,BaseFX,Media,Maximum,Segment,Length,Topology,Connector,50-,ohm coax(thick),500,meters,Bus,100,meters,Star,Star,Point-to-Point,EIA/TIA Cat,3,4,5 UTP,2 pair,EIA/TIA Cat,5 UTP,2 pair,62.5/125,micron multi-mode fiber,AUI,ISO 8877,(RJ-45),Duplex media-,interface connector,(MIC)ST,ISO 8877,(RJ-45),400,meters,100,meters,以太网所用介质的比较,各种物理接口示意图,AUI,connectors are DB15,ISO 8877(,RJ-45,)connectors and jacks are slightly larger than,RJ-11 phone connectors and jacks,Fiber Connector Port,双绞线,双绞线,Twisted pair,有屏蔽和非屏蔽之分，均为8芯电缆。双绞线的类型由单位长度内的环纹数确定。,在收发信号过程中，收发各由2条拧在一起并相互绝缘的铜线组成。两条线拧在一起可以减少线间的电磁干扰。,3类到6类双绞线的区别在于类数越高的双绞线单位长度内环纹数越多，拧得越紧。,5类或者6类双绞线的交感更少，更适用于高速计算机间的通信。,UTP,非屏蔽双绞线与,RJ45,接头,The RJ-45 Connector,面向水晶头针脚面，从左到右为1-8,8,Pair 4 R4,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Wire Pair,T is Tip,R is Ring,Pair 3 T2,Pair 3 R2,Pair 2 T3,Pair 1 R1,Pair 1 T1,Pair 2 R3,Pair 4 T4,Pin,1,8,直通双绞线电缆,Wires on cable ends are in same order,Pin Label,1RD+,2RD-,3TD+,4NC,5NC,6TD-,7NC,8NC,Cable 10BaseT/100BaseTx Straight-through,Pin Label,1TD+,2TD-,3RD+,4NC,5NC,6RD-,7NC,8NC,Server/Router,1,8,Straight-through Cable,8,1,Hub/Switch,w,br,w,b,8,1,w,g,g,b,br,w,o,o,w,br,w,b,8,1,w,g,g,b,br,w,o,o,直通电缆的特点,把电缆两端,RJ-45,头并列，两者内部8根线具有完全相同的线序,Straight-thru Ethernet uses pins 1,2,3,and 6.,Straight-thru cables are used for switch to router cabling,switch to PC or server cabling,or hub to PC or server cabling.,交叉双绞线电缆,Some wires on cable ends are crossed,Cable 10BaseT/100BaseT Crossover,Pin Label,1RD+,2RD-,3TD+,4NC,5NC,6TD-,7NC,8NC,Pin Label,1RD+,2RD-,3TD+,4NC,5NC,6TD-,7NC,8NC,Crossover Cable,1,8,1,8,Hub/Switch,Hub/Switch,w,br,w,b,8,1,w,g,g,b,br,w,o,o,8,1,w,g,g,b,w,b,br,w,br,w,o,o,交叉电缆的特点,把电缆两端,RJ-45,头并列，两者内部8根线的线序为1-3,2-6,3-1,4-4,5-5,6-2,7-7,8-8,Crossover cables are used for switch to switch cabling,PC to PC cabling,switch to hub cabling,hub to hub cabling,or router to router cabling.,直通线与交叉线的使用,Use a crossover cable when BOTH ports are designated with an x or neither port is designated with an x.,Use straight-through when only one port is designated with an X.,1,x,2,x,3,x,4,x,1,x,2,x,3,x,4,x,1,x,2,x,3,x,4,x,园区网中的连接电缆,Determine the physical media used-10MB or 100MB,Indicates what type of CAT cable is required,Locating interfaces on the chassis-determine if one or both ports have an X,Indicates if need crossover or straight-through cable,100,Mbps,Cat 5,Crossover,10,Mbps,Cat 3,4,5,Crossover,100,Mbps,Cat 5,Straight-through,10,Mbps,Cat 3,4,5,Straight-through,10,Mbps,Cat 3,4,5,Straight-through,窄带广域网,有,PSTN、ISDN、DDN、,帧中继（64,K2Mbps）、X.25（,最大64,Kbps）,等，,宽带广域网,有,ATM（,面向连接、支持,QoS,）、SDH（,光传输网络）等。,广域网的接口可分为,异步串口,（包括同异步串口,serial,和专用异步串口,async,，,可用作专线方式和拨号方式，常用拨号方式）与,同步串口,（可工作在,DTE,和,DCE,两种方式，可外接多种类型的电缆，支持多种链路层协议如,PPP、FR、LAPB、X.25,等，支持,IP,和,IPX,网络层协议）以及,ISDN BRI,接口,、,cE1/PRI,接口,等。,PPP,Frame,Relay,EIA/TIA-232,EIA/TIA-449,X.21 V.24 V.35,HSSI,ISDN BRI(with PPP),RJ-45,NOTE:Pinouts are different than RJ-45 used in campus,HDLC,WAN,接口类型,数据链路层,物理层,DB60,：,思科路由器上同一个60针的插座支持各种标准下的连接电缆,Network connections at the CSU/DSU,EIA/TIA-232,EIA/TIA-449,EIA-530,V.35,X.21,CSU/DSU,End user device,DTE,DCE,Service provider,Cisco,的串口与电缆,DB50,：,华为路由器上同一个50针的插座支持各种标准下的连接电缆,Network connections at the CSU/DSU,EIA/TIA-232,EIA/TIA-449,EIA-530,V.35,X.21,CSU/DSU,End user device,DTE,DCE,Service provider,华为的串口与电缆,华为,V.24,接口与,DTE,电缆,华为,V.24,接口与,DCE,电缆,华为,V.24,接口规程（1）,V.24,接口和电缆可工作在同步和异步两种方式下，路由器侧为,DB50，,网络侧为,DB25（,符合,EIA-RS232,标准）,在异步模式下接模拟,Modem、ISDN TA,进行拨号，链路层封装,PPP,协议，网络层支持,IP,和,IPX,等，最高传输速率达115200,bps。,在同步模式下接基带,Modem,进行同步，链路层可封装,X.25、FR、