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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 4 Body Language,Grammar V-ing form as,Attribute and Adverbial,现在分词做定语和状语,现在分词Present Participle，又称-ing形式、现在进展式) ，由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进展的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。,The music is,exciting,.,China is a,developing,country.,The teacher came in,smiling,.,We heard her,singing in her room,.,V-ing做表语,V-ing做定语,V-ing做状语,V-ing做宾语补足语,V-ing形式做定语,现在分词及其短语可以在句子中作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。其动作和谓语动词同时发生，与其修饰词之间是主动关系，也就是说现在分词的动作就是它修饰的那个词的动作。,1现在分词作定语时的位置,(1) 现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词之前；分词短语用于它所修饰词的后面。例如：,He is a(n) player.,他是一个 运发动。,They lived a room thirty years ago.,三十年前，他住在一个 房间里。,攻击型的,朝北的,attacking,facing the north,(2),如现在分词修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those时，分词在这些被修饰词的后面。例如：,Anyone,will be punished.,任何人都将受到惩罚。,swimming,正在游泳的,现在分词表进展意味和主动意味，因此，用现在分词作定语时，其表示的动作是与谓语动词同时发生的,或是正在发生的动作。例如：,The man running over there is our chairman.,= The man who is running over there is our chairman.,正在朝那边跑的那个人是我们主席。,2.,现在分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系,3、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进展意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分词的被动语态。,例如：,The meeting being held is very important.,正召开的会议很重要。,The skyscraper being built is higher than that built the last year.,正在建的那幢摩天大楼比去年建的那幢还高。,being done,V-ing 形式做状语,1. 做时间状语,2. 做原因状语,3. 做条件状语,4. 做让步状语,5. 表示方式或伴随情况,6. 做结果状语,7. 评论性状语,1. 做时间状语,V-ing形式做时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，几乎每个V-ing短语作时间状语时，都可以转变为一个时间状语从句。,Climbing to the top of the hill, we saw a beautiful view.,=,When,we,climbed the top of the hill, we saw a beautiful view.,爬上山顶后我看到了一幅美丽的景象。,Hearing the news,she burst into tears.,=,When she,heard the news, she burst,into tears.,2. 做原因状语,V-ing做原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时可以转化为一个原因状语从句。,Not knowing her address, I might,as well as telephone her to come over.,= Because/ Since I didnt know her address,I might as well as telephone her to come over.,由于不知道她的地址，我只好打 让她过来。,3. 作条件状语,V-ing短语有时候表示一种假设的情况，相当于一个条件从句。有时在V-ing短语前加上 if 或 unless，使条件更明确。,Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.,=,If,you,work hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.,4. 做让步状语,V-ing做让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时V-ing可带有连词 although, whether, even if, even though。,Knowing all this, I still want to see it for myself.,=,Although I,know all this, I still want to see it for myself.,5. 表示方式或伴随情况,V-ing 短语表示方式或者伴随情况是比较常用的，用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，V-ing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可替换，但可以用并列句来转换。,Mary lay on the grass, staring at the sky.,=Mary lay on the grass and stared at the sky.,玛丽躺在草地上，望着天空。,6. 做结果状语,V-ing 短语作结果状语时，不常用，通常放在句末，中间有逗号，有时为了突出结果，V-ing 前带有thus.,His parents died,leaving him an orphan,.,他的父母死了，他成了孤儿。,7. 评论性状语,有些惯用的V-ing 短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，外表说话者的态度观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。,generally speaking 一般来说,strictly speaking 严格来说,roughly speaking 大致来说,broadly speaking 广义上来说,narrowly speaking 狭义上来说,judging from/ by 由.判断,considering 考虑到,frankly speaking 坦率地说,personally speaking 就个人而言,supposing 如果,Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys.,一般来说，女孩比男孩更喜欢文学。,Judging from,her accent, she must from Arabian countries.,听她的口音，她肯定来自阿拉伯国家。,1、现在分词作状语与谓语动词时间关系,1现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，分词用一般形式。例如：,He ran up to her breathing heavily.,他气喘吁吁的跑到她面前。,(2) 当V-ing所表示的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用V-ing的完成时。,Having already seen,the film twice, she,didnt want,to go to the cinema.,这电影他已看过两遍，他不想去看了。,2、现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作。因此，句子主语与现在分词之间是主动关系。,I,run out of the house,shouting,.,我喊叫着跑出屋来。,3、有些现在分词作状语时，其前可用after, before, since, when, while, whenever, once, until, on, as等词。,After,talking to you, I always fell better.,和你谈过话后我总感觉好一些。,4. 现在分词的否认式是在现在分词的前面加not。,Not,recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.,因为没听出这个人的声音，他没把自己的地址给他。,1. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.,A,.,to prepare,B,.,preparing,C,.,prepared,D,.,was preparing,B,2._ a reply, he decided to write again.,A Not receiving,B Receiving not,C Not having received,D Having not received,C,3. “Cant you read Mary said _ to the notice.,A angrily pointing,B and point angrily,C angrily pointed,D and angrily pointing,A,4,. If you want a letter _ , you must keep in mind several rules while _.,A written; written,B well written; writing,C well writing; writing,D well written; write,B,5,.,_,speaking, women live longer than men.,A. Judging from,B. generally,C. Supposing,D. Taking everything into consideration,B,6,. It has rained nonstop for ten days, completely _ our holiday.,A. ruining,B. to ruin,C. ruined,D. has ruined,A,7,.,The,_,_,Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _,that he had enjoyed his stay here,.,A. visiting,add,B. visited, adding,C. visiting, adding,D. visited, added,C,
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