汉译英：文本类型与汉英翻译（一）

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Dear Bo$,In thi$life,we all need$ome thing mo$t de$perately.I think you$hould be under$tanding of the need$of u$.worker$who have given$o much$upport including$weat and$ervice to your company.I am$ure you will gue$what I mean and re$pond$oon.,Your$incerely,Marian$hih,Dear Marian,I kNOw you have been working very hard.NOwadays,NOthing much has changed.You must have NOticed that our company is NOt doing NOticeably well as yet.NOw the newspaper are saying the worlds leading ecoNOmists are NOt sure if the United States may go into aNOther recession.After the NOvember presidential elections things may turn bad.I have NOthing more to add NOw.You kNOw what I mean.,Yours truly,Manager,文本类型及汉英翻译一,Reiss 的文本类型分析,翻译研究者开始时并没有注意文本类型的分析，而是把自己在某一方面研究所得出的结论推广到其他的文本翻译中去，并把它说成是唯一的、通用的翻译标准。,Kathatine Reiss 文本的分类,重内容 content-focused(informative),重形式form-focused(expressive),重呼吁appeal-focused(operative),虽然语言的陈述、表达、呼吁功能在任何一种文本里都会同时出现，但文本必须是以其中一种内容、形式或呼吁为主要表达形式，所以翻译时必须抓主要的表现形式，而翻译批评家那么注重分析翻译者是否把原文的主要表现形式保存下了。,听觉媒介 audiomedia,Text Type and Text Varieties,translation method of text types,Newmark模式简介,A B C,Expressive Informative Vocative,典型范例 文学/权威 科技 广告宣传类,文体风格 文如其人 文中无人 意在文外,译文偏重 原语 目的语 目的语,着重对象 原作者 客观现实 读者,翻译方法 较重文字 强调语义 灵活对等,翻译单位 较小 一般句 较大,产品说明书,主要成分：principle/main ingredient,性状、特征：description,药理学：pharmacology,有效成分：active principle,作用、主治：uses;direction for use,适用症：indication,警告：warnings,用法：usage,禁忌：contraindication,restrictions on use.,副作用、不良反响：side effect,undesirable reaction,adverse events,规格、包装：supply,how supplied,packs,packing,package,保存期：shelf life,新闻报道,会话式英语 Conversational Enlish,使听众对新闻报道感到亲切自然,以提供事实和信息为主,译者应该客观、冷静，准确使用新闻词语。不用较复杂的句子。普通名词最好意译，专有名词最好做解释，以便于读者理解。,试译：,最近我市又发现一座汉代古墓。,这座古墓位于我市西北郊，是当地一位农民发现的。据专家们考证，这是西汉中晚期的墓葬，距今已有两千年左右的历史。,新闻报道,最近我市又发现一座汉代古墓。,这座古墓位于我市西北郊，是当地一位农民发现的。据专家们考证，这是西汉中晚期的墓葬，距今已有两千年左右的历史。,广告词,Attention-Interest-Demand-Memory-Action,汉语广告,英文广告,广告词,读者为中心。加强情感交流和亲切感。,1.我部以良好的信誉、雄厚的资金实力和一流的效劳质量，竭诚为广阔客户提供全面的优质效劳。,The Department is ready to provide the customers with all-around perfect service on the basis of good credit,financial strength and quality service.,Our department offers you all-around services with good credit,financial strenth and best quality.,广告翻译与情感传递,2.宾至如归，热诚效劳天津市旅游公司,Offering a home for the wanderer,a heaven for the connoisseur Tianjing General Tourist Corperation.,A home from home with our cordial service.,3.接天下客，送万里情天津出租汽车公司,Ready to meet guest all over the world,ready to speed them on their way Tianjin Taxi Co.,Give you a pleasant ride all the way Tianji Taxi Co.,4.世界首创，中国一绝。天然椰子汁。,The pioneer of the world.The most delicious in China.Natural Coconut Juice.,Natural Coco Juice:a world special with an enjoyment beyond all your words,演讲,全国同胞们，同志们，朋友们：,Fellow countrymen,comrades and friends,今天，我们隆重集会，庆祝中华人民共和国成立60周年。在这个喜庆而又庄严的时刻，全国各族人民都为伟大祖国的开展进步感到无比自豪，都对实现中华民族伟大复兴的光明前景充满信心。,Today,we hold a grand celebration to mark the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.At this cheerful and solemn moment,people from all over the countrys ethnic groups are extremely proud of our great nations development and progress and are confident of the Chinese nations bright prospect on the road to revival.,在这里，我代表党中央、全国人大、国务院、全国政协和中央军委，向一切为民族独立和人民解放、国家富强和人民幸福建立了不朽功勋的革命先辈和烈士们，表示深切的思念！向全国各族人民和海内外爱国同胞，致以热烈的祝贺！向关心和支持中国开展的各国朋友，表示衷心的感谢！,On behalf of the CPC Central Committee,the National Peoples Congress,the State Council,the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference and the Central Military Commission,I hereby pay tribute to all the revolutionary pioneers of older generations and martyrs who made great contributions to realizing national independence and liberation of the people,the countrys prosperity and strength and happy life of the people.I send warm congratulations to people from all ethnic groups in the country and patriotic compatriots from home and abroad,and express heartfelt thanks to the friends from other countries who care about and support Chinas development.,商务信函套语,政论文,政论文的主要特点是逻辑性强、条理清楚、说理透彻。,为了将作者的观点和抽象的概念阐述的鲜明、生动，以取得宣传煽动的最正确效应，作者经常运用各种修辞手段如排比、对偶、夸张、引用、设问等。用词生动活泼、句型也较现代化。,保持原作词语的感情色彩，修辞效果和语言特色，如实表达政治观点。遣词造句要恰如其分。,the Scientific Outlook on Development,科学发展观,agriculture,rural areas and farmers,“三农”,highly pathogenic avian influenza,高致病性禽流感,the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and technological Development,国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要,the Qinghai-Tibet Railway,青藏铁路,the Three Gorges Project,三峡工程,the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development,“十一五”规划纲要,a master strategy for regional development.,区域发展总战略,the large-scale development of the western region,西部大开发,rural compulsory education,农村义务教育,ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives,保障和改善民生,the production and sale of counterfeit goods,制假售假,pyramid schemes,非法传销,commercial fraud,商业欺诈,basic cost of living allowances,最低生活保障,科技文体,注重信息传达，准确客观。,方式：专业术语。精华：定义、定理、数据、结论,查阅专业词典，切忌不懂装懂；切忌用词模棱两可，语意模糊不清。数字关系重大，需要反复核