资源描述
,Unit 2,Bridging Cultures,Learning About Language,复习名词性从句,【,情境探究,】,观察上面对话,并类比填空。,1. The problem is,_,we are still short of money.,2.,_,do you guess will teach us Chinese next term?,3.,_,they would support us or not is a problem.,4.,_,wins the game will be chosen to the school team.,5. Tom is no longer,_,he used to be.,that,Who,Whether,Whoever,what,【,要义详析,】,一、主语从句,(subject clause),1.,在复合句中充当主语的从句称之为主语从句,一般置于句首。,主语从句引导词有,:,(1),连词,that,和,whether,在主语从句中只起连接作用,不充当任何成分。,(2),连接代词,who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever,在主,语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。,(3),连接副词,when, where, how, why,在主语从句中作状语。,*,That he worked out the,complex,problem,astonished other students.,他解决了这个复杂的题目让其他同学感到惊讶。,*,When the exam of,qualification,will be held,hasnt been decided.,资格考试什么时候举行还没决定。,*,Whether he will,participate,in,this campus art festival,isnt clear.,他是否参加这次校园艺术节还不清楚。,*,What worried the old couple,was that their children,got involved in,the crime.,令这对老夫妇担忧的是他们的孩子参与了这次犯罪。,*,Whatever happens,you may be quite sure that I will not blame you.,不管发生什么事,你可以确信我不会责备你。,2.,为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语,it,放在句首位置,真正主语置于句末。,it,作形式主语的常见句型有,:,(1)It is a (fact, pity, question, wonder, good thing, surprise ) that. . .,(2)It is necessary (important, strange, natural, etc. ) that sb. should do,表达惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气。,(3)It is said (expected, believed, thought, hoped, known, reported, estimated, required. . . )that. . .,(4)It seems(happened/appears/doesnt matter /makes no difference /occurred. . . )that. . .,*,It,is well known to all of us,that the trees cant grow without sunlight and water.,众所周知,树木生长离不开阳光和水。,*,It is said that,the new,adaptation,will come out next year .,据说这个新改编本将在明年出版。,*,It has yet been decided,when the,tutor,will come to give us a speech.,这个导师什么时候来给我们做演讲还没定下来。,【,名师点津,】,that,引导主语从句的省略原则,连词,that,的省略原则,:,若,that,引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则,that,不能省略,;,若使用了形式主语,it,则,that,有时可以省略。例如,:,That,you didnt go to the talk was a pity.,很遗憾你没去听报告。,(that,不可省,),It was a pity (,that,) you didnt go to the talk.,很遗憾你没去听报告。,(that,可省,),【,即学活用,】,(1),语法填空,_,she has became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence.,_,he can get a nursing,qualification,remains to be seen.,_,will happen in the world is difficult to predict.,_,will take the place of our original headmaster hasnt been decided yet.,(2),_,next week is being discussed.,我们下周在哪里野餐正在讨论中。,That,Whether,What,Who,Where we will have the picnic,(3),_,the chance of studying abroad is unknown.,他为什么放弃出国留学的机会不得而知。,(4),_,is not clear to anyone.,这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。,Why he gave up,How this happened,二、宾语从句,(object clause),1.,定义,:,在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。它可以作谓语动词的宾语,也可以作非谓语动词、某些介词或形容词等的宾语。,*,It is foolish to believe,that,ones race and civilization are superior to others.,认为自己的人种和文明高人一等是愚蠢的。,*,(2020,天津高考,)But once having met and liked them, we think,how,terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance.,但一旦我们认识并喜欢上了他们,我们就会想,如果我们错过了这个机会,那将是多么可怕的事情。,*(2018,全国卷,)Im not sure,who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.,我不知道我和不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩谁更害怕。,*,I dont know,whether,he can win back the belief of the teacher.,我不知道他是否能赢回老师的信任。,2.,由连接词,that,引导宾语从句时, that,在句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。,(2021,浙江高考,)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index across 200 countries, the scientists found,that,people worldwide are getting heavier and,that,most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.,在一项对,200,个国家,33,年体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发现,世界各地的人们都在变得越来越重,而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。,【,名师点津,】,宾语从句中两种情况中的连接词,that,不能省略,:,引导的第二个宾语从句前的,that,不可省,;,在动词,+,形式宾语,it+,宾语补足语,+that,引导的宾语从句中,that,不能省略,*,I believe (that) you will keep your word and that you will turn up at the party on time. (,第二个,that,不能省,),我相信你会遵守诺言,准时出现在晚会上。,3. whether/if,引导的宾语从句。,whether/if,在从句中不充当成分,但是有“是否”之意,从句要用陈述语序。,【,名师点津,】,只用,whether,不用,if,引导宾语从句,在宾语从句中,引导词,whether,和,if,基本一样,但下面两种情况只能使用,whether:,引导介词后的宾语从句时,;,和,or not,一起连用时。,【,即学活用,】,(1)I truly believe,_,beauty comes from within.,(2)The old woman asked me,_,I knew the way to the hospital.,(3)John said,_,he was leaving for London on Wednesday.,(4)(2019,北京高考,)You will question,_,the voice youre hearing is actually,real.,that,if /whether,that,whether,4.,连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句。,连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。,*,Is there anything wrong in,what,I said?,我所说的有错误之处吗,?,*We promise,whoever,attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.,我们许诺,任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。,*,It was a long road to get,where,Yan Ning is now.,颜宁花了很长时间,才有了今天的成就。,【,即学活用,】,(1)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing,_,she was,heading.,(2)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate,_,is below the water,surface.,(3)The exhibition tells us,_,we should do something to stop air pollution.,where,what,why,5.,在,insist, demand, order, suggest, propose, advise,等表示坚持、要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后, that,宾语从句中谓语常用“,(should+),动词原形”,表示虚拟。,*,The doctor,suggested that,I stay in bed for three days.,医生建议我卧床三天。,*,He,insisted that,we stop at a small restaurant just outside of Atlanta.,他坚持让我们在亚特兰大市外不远的一家小餐馆歇歇脚。,【,巧学助记,】,后接宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词口诀,:,“,一二三四”,一个坚持,(insist);,两个命令,(order, command);,三条建议,(advise, suggest, recommend);,四项要求,(demand, desire, require, request),【,即学活用,】,(1)He,_,.,他坚持要我看他的信。,(2)I advise,_,you,_,your coach,_,your,_,and,_,.,我建议你应该向你的教练咨询一下你的优缺点。,(3)(2019,北京高考,)He recommended that,_,.,他建议她做一些研究。,insisted that I should read his letter,that,(should) consult,about,strengths,weaknesses,she do some research,三、表语从句,(predicative clause ),1.,表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。,表语从句的引导词有,:,(1),从属连词,: that, whether, as though, as if, why, because,不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,(2),连接代词,: who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever,在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,(3),连接副词,: when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever,在表语从句中充当状语,*The trouble is,that Henry has no,qualifications,to teach college students.,麻烦的是亨利不具备教大学生的资格。,*,The point at issue is,whether we go to the party.,争论点是我们是否去参加聚会。,*,The last time we had great fun was,when we were visiting the Water Park.,我们最后一次痛快地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。,2.,系动词,be, appear, seem, look, remain,等之后可以跟表语从句。,*,It,seemed as if,he had known the fact already.,他好像早已知道这件事了。,*,It,appears that,some,missiles,have been moved.,一些导弹似乎已经被移走了。,*,It,looks as if,she had just come back from outer space.,她看起来仿佛刚从外太空回来。,【,名师点津,】,表语从句四点易错提醒,(1),表语从句一定要用陈述语序。,(2),不可以用,if,而用,whether,引导表语从句。,(3)that,在表语从句中不可以省略。,(4),主句主语是,reason,时,表语从句要用,that,引导,不可用,because,。,【,即学活用,】,(1),语法填空,The most,complex,problem is,_,he cant find enough experienced players to,engage in,the game.,The reason why Im calling you is,_,I want to invite you to my birthday party.,All shes worried about is,_,his son has the,qualification,to,participate in,activity.,This is,_,we have been looking forward to for years., He has heart disease. That is,_,he has been smoking too much.,that,that,whether,what,because,(2)The problem is,_,this shop.,问题是谁将接管这家店铺。,(3)That is,_,journalism.,那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。,who will be in charge of,when I realized the importance of,同位语从句,同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面,用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。可跟同位语从句的名词通常有,advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word(,消息,),等。,【,名师点津,】,同位语从句和定语从句的区别,定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴,;,而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容的说明,属于名词性从句的范畴。,*,The news,that our team has won the game,is true.,我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。,(,同位语从句,补充说明,news,到底是一个什么消息,),*The news,that he told me yesterday,was true.,昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。,(,定语从句,关系代词,that,指代,news,在从句中作,told,的宾语,),*(2019,江苏高考,)Scientists have obtained more evidence,that,plastic is finding its way into the human body.,科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。,【,即学活用,】,(1),语法填空,(2019,天津高考,)The opinion,_,learning is a lifelong process has been,expressed by education experts throughout the years.,The idea,_,the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a,public good would get absolutely nowhere here.,(2)He often asked me the question,_,.,他经常问我为什么这项工作值得做。,that,that,why the work was worth doing,【,语法主题应用,】,用主语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子,并组句成篇,1.,我正在大学里学英国文学。,(,主语从句,),2.,我最大的问题是我不能理解许多英文小说的文化背景。,(,表语从句,),3.,我是否应该出国留学已经成为我所关心的事情。,(,主语从句,;,表语从句,),4.,很明显,第一个实际问题是我能否提供学费。,(,表语从句,),5.,我找老师帮忙,他的建议是我贷款去国外学习。,(,表语从句,),What I am learning at university is English literature. My biggest problem is that I cant understand the cultural background of many English novels. So whether I should go abroad to study has become what Im concerned about. It is clear that the first practical question is whether I can offer the tuition fees. I turned to my teacher and his suggestion is that I get a loan to study abroad.,
展开阅读全文