资源描述
,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,非谓语动词,非谓语动词功能比较,to do,的复合结构,-ing form,的复合结构,非谓语动词的否定式,-ing form,及,pp,的区别,独立主格结构,1,1.,谓语动词及非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；,在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动,词，叫做非谓语动词。,We should serve the people heart and soul.,I am reading a novel.,She found English hard to learn.,Seeing is believing.,The results obtained are quite satisfactory.,Please stop speaking.,（谓语）,（谓语）,（状语）,（主语和表语）,（定语）,（宾语）,2,2.,非谓语动词的分类,不定式,(infinitive),分词（,participle,）,动名词（,gerund,）,3.,非谓语动词的特点,1),不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词,组成谓语。,You ought to have been here yesterday.,2),具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。,The Party called on us to serve the people .,3),连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。,The students ran out of the classroom,laughing merrily .,To be frank, your plan is not practicable.,3,主语,表语,宾语,定语,补语,状语,to do,-ing form,pp,非谓语动词功能比较,4,eg. I like,skating,but I dont like,to skate,today.,Playing,with fire is dangerous.,Look out,！,To play,with fire is dangerous.,eg. There is,no joking,about such matters.,主语,to do,表示具体的动作，,-ing form,表示泛指的动作。,2.“there is no +,主语”句型中，多用,-ing form.,Theres no saying what hell be doing next.,Theres no telling what hes going to do.,5,3.,不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用,it,作形式主语。,It is right to give up smoking.,It made me very happy to hear her talk about it.,【,注意,1】,It is + adj + for sb to do sth,It is + adj + of sb to do sth,（,for,引出动作发出者）,（,of,引出,adj,修饰的对象）,主语,It is no use / good doing,【,注意,2】,6,It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.,It is a great honor for us to be present at your,birthday party.,It is very kind of you to give me some help.,Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.,注意：常用在,of,句型中的,adj,有：,kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, foolish, cruel, careless, stupid, naughty, polite, impolite, silly, wrong, brave, honest, noble,，,right, rude,等,You are very kind to give me some help.,You are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.,主语,7,The officers narrowly escaped_ in the hot battle.,A. have killed,B. to kill,C. to be killed,D. being killed,Dont you remember_ the man before?A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. to have seen,“,Have you decided when_?” “Yes, tomorrow morning.”A. to be leaving,B. to leave,C. will you leave D. are you leaving,She _ me when I passed by.,A. didnt pretend to see B. pretended not seeing,C. pretended not to see,D. pretended to have not seen,宾语,8,宾语,注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有,宾语补足语,，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用,it,作 形式宾语。,I find / feel it interesting to work with him,find / think / feel / make / consider it +adj / n + to do sth.,My teacher made it a rule only to speak English in class.,考点一,:,demand, want, expect, promise, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, agree, seem, hope, decide, prepare, pretend, wish, start, afford,等,+ to do,9,考点二,:,admit,，,appreciate,，,avoid,，,consider, delay, deny, enjoy,，,escape, excuse,，,face,，,fancy (,设想,), feel like,，,finish,，,forgive,，,give up, imagine,，,include,，,keep,，,mention,，,mind,，,miss,，,pardon, practise,，,put off,，,resist, risk,，,suggest,，,cant help,，,cant stand (,无法忍受,),等,+ doing,宾语,like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, intend + doing / to do,begin to know / understand / realize ,10,考点三：,forget,，,remember,，,regret,，,go on,，,like,，,mean,，,stop,，,try,等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。,I remember doing the exercise.,I must remember to do it.,I mean to come early today. Missing the train means waiting for another hour,我记得做过练习,我必须记得去做这事,我打算今早些来,误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时,宾语,regret to say / tell / inform ,11,考点四：,allow,，,advise,，,forbid,，,permit + doing,allow,，,advise,，,forbid,，,permit,+ sb to do,be allowed / advised / forbidden / permitted + to do,We dont allow _here. We don t allow students_.,Students are not allow _.,smoking,to smoke,宾语,to smoke,12,考点五：在短语,devote to,，,look forward to,，,stick to, be used to,，,object to,，,get down to, be ( kept) busy,，,be worth, have difficulty,trouble,problem (in),，,have a good,wonderful,hard time (in),+ doing,例如：,I look forward to _from you soon.,hearing,考点六：动词,need,，,require,，,want,作“需要”解，,+ doing,to be done,The window requires _.,_.,cleaning,to be cleaned,宾语,13,1.The story was _,we were all _.,A. moving, moving B. moved, moved,C. moving, moved D. moved, moving,2.There is a _ expression on his face. Maybe the problem is too difficult for him.,A. puzzled B. puzzling,C. puzzle D. to puzzle,3.With his son too_, the father was sad.,A. disappointed B. disappointing,定语和表语,14,eg. He attends the meeting,being held,in the room now.,He attended the meeting,held,yesterday.,He will attend the meeting,to be held,tomorrow.,2.,表示被修饰词的内容时， 用,to do.,eg. She has a strong wish,to go,to college.,the way / chance / ability / right / willingness to do,1.,从时态上看，,-ing form,表示正在进行的动作,pp,表示已经完成的动作,to do,表示将来的动作。,定语,15,注意：不定式动词在介词,but,，,except,，,besides,后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词,do,的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带,to,，否则要带,to,。,She could,do,nothing but cry,What do you like to,do,besides swim?,I have no choice but to go,3. I have some books for you to read.,He is looking for a room to live in,There is nothing to worry about,定语,16,动名词作定语,singing competition swimming pool,dining car opening speech,drinking cup living room,typing paper waiting room,writing desk washing machine,frying-pan sleeping-pill,walking stick teaching method,注：,动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途,定语,17,If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air_ against your face. A. moved,B. moving,C. moves,D. to move,They would not allow him_ across the enemy line.,A. to risk going,B. risking to go,C. for risk to go D. risk going,Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.,A. run B. running C. being run D. to run,宾语补足语,18,eg. I found him _the money. (steal),I found the money _.,When he came to himself, he found himself _by an old lady. ( look after),I often hear Mary _this English song.,-ing form,及宾语为主动关系，强调动作正在进行；,pp,与宾语为被动关系，强调动作已经完成；,(to) do,只单纯表示一个事实，强调动作的全过程。,补足语,stealing,stolen,being looked after,sing,19,注意,2,：在,feel,，,hear,，,listen to,，,look at,，,notice,，,observe,，,see,，,watch,，,have,，,1et,，,make,等词后的补足语中，不定式不带,to,。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须带,to,。,注意,1,：,ask, advise, allow, permit, get, beg, cause, command, order, force, oblige, encourage, instruct, remind, warn, want, wish, expect, prefer, would like, call on, depend on, ask for, wait for,help,+ sb to do,I often hear him sing the song,He is often heard to sing the song,补足语,20,注意,3,：,catch, keep, mind, prevent, remember, stop, start, smell, excuse, send, fancy + sb doing,例如：,She c,aught,her son smoking a cigarette.,Wed better,keep,the fire burning.,I dont,mind,you joking. I like it.,The heavy rain,prevented,us coming here on time.,We must try to,stop,them getting into trouble.,I dont,remember,him ever saying anything like that.,His words,started,me thinking seriously.,Can you,smell,something burning?,The earthquake,sent,the china and glass crashing to the ground.,补足语,21,作,状语,时的区别：,-ing / pp,表示,时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况,等等,eg. They worked hard,to pay,for the necklace.,I went to see him,only to find,him out.,I am glad,to see,you.,to do,表示,1.,目的,;,2.,结果,表示出人预料的情况或结,果。常用,only,强调。,3.,原因,表示造成情感变化的原因。,目的,结果,原因,状语,22,In order to pass the exam,，,he worked very hard,We ran all the way so as not to be late,2.,在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。,I am very glad to hear it.,The question is difficult to answer,3.,too + adj/adv + to do,作状语,He is too old to do that,4.,enough + adj/adv + to do,作状语,The room is big enough to hold us,1.,目的状语,: in order to,或,so as to,to do,作状语的其它几种情况,:,5.,so / such as to do,表结果,He was so angry as to be unable to speak.,I am not such a fool as to believe you.,23,-ing form,及,pp,作状语,现在分词,(,短语,),与,过去分词,(,短语,),作状语,表示,时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况,等。,Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagain andagaintous.,United, we stand; divided, we fall.,(=When / If we are united ),Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.,Climbing tothetopofthetower, wesawamagnificentview.,(1),表示时间,24,(2),表示原因,Beingsick,Istayedathome.,Shecaughtcoldsittingonthegrass.,(3),表示条件,Adoptingthismethod,wewillraisetheaverageyield,（产量）,by40percent.,We will not attack unless attacked.,Even if invited, I wont go.,25,(4),表示让步,Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthat,shehasnttriedher best.,(5),表示结果,Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.,Itrainedfortwoweeksonend,completely,ruiningourholiday.,(6),表示方式或伴随情况,Heranuptoherbreathingheavily.,Pleasefillintheform,givingyourname,address,Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the room.,26,分词的时态和语态,：,及主语动词同时，应用现在分词。,分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用,having done,。,1) The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president.,A. to prepare,B. preparing,C. prepared,D. was preparing,2,）,_ a reply, he decided to write again.,Not receiving,B. Receiving not,C. Not having received,D. Having not received,3,）,_in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well,B,C,Having studied,27,_by the teacher,，,Li Ming gave up smoking,A. Having been criticized B. Being Criticized,C. Criticized D. Having criticized,Waiting for a bus, _.,A. a brick fell on my head,B. A little girl came to talk with me.,C. I was hit by a brick on the head,D. I was hit by a brick on my head,A,C,28,分词作,插入语,或 转化为,介词,和,连词,其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。,generally speaking,一般说来,talking of (speaking of),说道,strictly speaking,严格的说,judging from,从,判断,all things considered,从整体来看,taking all things into consideration,全面看来,given / considering,考虑到,supposing , provided, providing,假若,例如：,Given,his age, he did very well.,Supposing,she doesnt come, what shall we do?,29,动词不定式,作插入语,表明说话人的立场或态度,在句中作独立成分。,to behonest / frank / fair /,；,totellyou thetruth;,tobegin/ start with,；,tocut/ make alongstoryshort;,toget(back)tothepoint,；,tomakethings / matters worse;,toputitanotherway,；,not to speak of ,eg.,Tobehonest,IhaveneverheardofWinstonChurchill.,He knows English and French,not to speak of,German.,30,非谓语动词的否定形式,not + to do / -ing form,He decided,not to,do it.,She wished,never to,see him again.,Not seeing,John,I asked where he was.,Not having done,it right, I tried again.,His not coming,made me a little angry.,31,-ing form,及,pp,的区别,-ing form,表示主动，正在进行,Pp,表示被动，已经完成,作表语时或定语时，,-ing form,表示“令人”, pp,表示“感到”，常见的有下列感官动词：,move, surprise, astonish, delight, comfort, disappoint, puzzle, frighten,下列表示关系的词用,- ed,seated in (on),坐在,located,坐落,devoted,忠诚于,stationed,驻防,dressed,穿着,hidden,藏在,prepared,准备着,related,关系,connected,lost in absorbed in,32,1. He,was hidden,under the desk.2.,Dressed,like a lawyer, she came to the court.3.,Stationed,in Hongkong, a group of PLA men followed HongKong customs.4.,Seated,at the back of the classroom,he listened to the teacher carefully.5.,Located,on the seashore, the building looks pretty.,33,ing form,的复合结构,1.,形容词性物主代词,/,名词所有格,+ing form,Toms coming his coming,2.,代词宾格,/,名词,+ing form,Tom coming him coming,主语,表语,宾语,宾语,_the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.,A. The president will attend,B. The president to attend,C. The president attended,D. The presidents attending,34,1. Do you mind opening the door?,2. Going there saved us a good deal of trouble.,3. Being late again made the teacher angry.,Do you mind me/my opening ,Toms going there saved us a good ,His being late again made,说出,-ing form,动作的执行者时，须用复合结构,35,
展开阅读全文